86 CHAPTER 6 ABSTRACT Chunks--which are preferred ways of expressing certain concepts within speech communities--form a substantial part of a native-like linguistic repertoire and will make an L2 speaker sound more uent and authentic. From a usage-based perspective, L2 development is primarily driven by L2 exposure, and several studies so far have shown that L2 exposure contributes not only to more complex and uent language but also to the use of chunks. In this study written texts of 56 French learners enrolled in either a Structure-Based (SB) or a Dynamic Usage-Based (DUB) program were examined a er six years of instruction. e DUB students clearly outperformed the SB students in terms of chunk coverage (an overall measure of chunk use) and they used signi cantly more longer, lexically based chunks.
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