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Chapter 14
and interquartile range (IQR). Chi square and Fishers exact test were used to test categorical
data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The registry contains 11.869 patients with a median age of 64 (IQR 51-72). Patients were
classified as ASA 1 in 19.1%, ASA2 2 in 57.6%, ASA 3 in 21.6%, and ASA 4 in 1.2% of the cases.
Co-morbidities of the patients are shown in table 1.
Ninety-three percent of the procedures were elective and 7% were emergency procedures.
The median duration of the procedures was 20 minutes (IQR 11-40)(Table 2).
Propofol was used in 96.7% of the cases either as a continuous infusion (81.9%) or as bolus
(18.1%). The mean dose of propofol was 7.1 mg/min with a median of 190 mg (IQR 100-310)
per procedure. Other used hypnotics, either alone or in combination with propofol were
esketamine in 10.3%, midazolam in 2.9% and etomidate in 0.1% of the cases. More than
half of the patients received additional short-acting opioids, such as a remifentanil infusion
(with or without bolus) in 12.9%, a bolus with alfentanil in 44.2%, or fentanyl in 3.7% of the
cases.
Table 1.
Comorbidities
% of patients
Ischaemic heart disease
9.7%
AoV
2.5%
MV
2.1%
Congenital heart disease
0.6%
Cardiac other
8.6%
Hypertension
24.9%
Diabetes
9.3%
COPD
9.9%
Emphysema
0.7%
Asthma
2.6%
Renal insufficiency
2.5%
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
2.3%
Morbid obesity
4.3%
Other
20%
AoV: aortic valve stenosis/regurgitation, MV: mitral valve stenosis/regurgitation. Cardiac other: arrhythmia,
congestive heart failure, other valvular disease. Morbid obesity = BMI > 35, Renal insufficiency = GFR < 60ml/
min/1.72m
2
)
Sedation related AEs
There were 1394 (11.7%) patients who experienced at least one sedation related AE. 1282
(92%) patients required an intervention.