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Chapter 14

and interquartile range (IQR). Chi square and Fishers exact test were used to test categorical

data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The registry contains 11.869 patients with a median age of 64 (IQR 51-72). Patients were

classified as ASA 1 in 19.1%, ASA2 2 in 57.6%, ASA 3 in 21.6%, and ASA 4 in 1.2% of the cases.

Co-morbidities of the patients are shown in table 1.

Ninety-three percent of the procedures were elective and 7% were emergency procedures.

The median duration of the procedures was 20 minutes (IQR 11-40)(Table 2).

Propofol was used in 96.7% of the cases either as a continuous infusion (81.9%) or as bolus

(18.1%). The mean dose of propofol was 7.1 mg/min with a median of 190 mg (IQR 100-310)

per procedure. Other used hypnotics, either alone or in combination with propofol were

esketamine in 10.3%, midazolam in 2.9% and etomidate in 0.1% of the cases. More than

half of the patients received additional short-acting opioids, such as a remifentanil infusion

(with or without bolus) in 12.9%, a bolus with alfentanil in 44.2%, or fentanyl in 3.7% of the

cases.

Table 1.

Comorbidities

% of patients

Ischaemic heart disease

9.7%

AoV

2.5%

MV

2.1%

Congenital heart disease

0.6%

Cardiac other

8.6%

Hypertension

24.9%

Diabetes

9.3%

COPD

9.9%

Emphysema

0.7%

Asthma

2.6%

Renal insufficiency

2.5%

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2.3%

Morbid obesity

4.3%

Other

20%

AoV: aortic valve stenosis/regurgitation, MV: mitral valve stenosis/regurgitation. Cardiac other: arrhythmia,

congestive heart failure, other valvular disease. Morbid obesity = BMI > 35, Renal insufficiency = GFR < 60ml/

min/1.72m

2

)

Sedation related AEs

There were 1394 (11.7%) patients who experienced at least one sedation related AE. 1282

(92%) patients required an intervention.