2 31 The validation of geriatric cases for IPE Figure 2.2: Description of the six steps for validation of content and scoring of each case. Content Scoring Step 1: Experts round 1 Email sent to three groups of experts asking to describe: • Two typically geriatric patients; • Matching treatment plan (roughly). Open-ended question to experts: “What makes a case like this (not) difficult?” Step 2: Researcher Construction of four cases: • Similar, most frequent characteristics; • Treatment plans were complemented by information from educators and guidelines. Score every item in the treatment plan with 1 point. Score cases for difficulty (INTERMED). Step 3: Experts round 2 Nine experts: • Is the content realistic? • Is a case like this often seen in clinical practice? • Is the treatment plan adequate and complete? Scoring treatment plan: “Is assessing each item with 1 point an adequate way of scoring?” Difficulty: “How complex do you think this case is, from 0 to 60? Is this based on INTERMED or your own judgement?” Step 4: Researcher Adjustments to the cases: • Relevant, simple suggestions (e.g. layout); • Simple suggestions with relevant argument (e.g. medication doses). Two lists with items without consensus: • Primary list: all items named more than once; • Secondary list: all other items, named once. Scoring treatment plan: • Make an inventory of the comments by experts. • Select the most essential items with the educators. Difficulty: • Calculate the averages with and without INTERMED. Step 5: Experts round 3 Face-to-face discussion with two experts • Discuss all the items on the primary list.; • Items on the secondary list were only discussed/adjusted if the experts called for them spontaneously. Scoring treatment plan: “Point out the most essential items in the treatment plan” ◊ compare those to the essential items pointed out by the educators. Step 6: Pilot testing with students Case 1: three medical students and three nursing students: • How much time did you need? • Did you understand the assignment? • Do you have other suggestions? Scoring treatment plan: Score the students’ treatment plans. Difficulty: Students’ opinion: how difficult? 1–10
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