10 Chapter 1 • Tips how to implement IPE (Bogossian et al., 2023; Shakhman et al., 2020; van Diggele et al., 2020) IPE can be offered in different forms and shapes. To give an overview of the different IPE-interventions, we categorized them as before graduation (undergraduate curriculum) vs. after graduation (continuous professional development) and inclassroom vs. in clinical practice (Table 1.1). Table 1.1: Overview and categorization of different forms of IPE In classroom setting: Simulated or assignments without patient cases With real patients / in clinical practice Undergraduate curriculum • In-classroom simulation (El-Awaisi et al., 2022; Garbee et al., 2013; Palaganas et al., 2016) • In-classroom assignments, e.g. journal reviewing assignment (Guy et al., 2022) • (In)formal reflection on educational experiences (El-Awaisi et al., 2022; Keating et al., 2023) • IPE-wards (Oosterom et al., 2019; Visser et al., 2019) • Student-led clinics (Hopkins et al., 2022) • Interprofessional clinical placements (Dean et al., 2014; Kent et al., 2017) Continuous professional development • Education initiatives for groups of health professionals working together on the same ward/department, e.g. CRM-training (Bochatay et al., 2024; Fung et al., 2015; Houze-Cerfon et al., 2019) • Reflection on clinical practice (Richard et al., 2019) • Online modules (McCabe et al., 2021) • Observation and coaching on the job, e.g. observation of interprofessional rounds, training during multidisciplinary team meetings (Carney et al., 2021; Chawla et al., 2024; Gormley et al., 2019) Undergraduate curriculum • Left upper quadrant: In Table 1.1, in the first quadrant IPE is offered to undergraduate students in a classroom setting. This can be done by simulation with standardized patients, or by fictitious paper-based cases. IPE in classroom setting with undergraduate students can also be delivered by educational forms without patient cases, for example an assignment about the pathophysiology of a disease, a literature reviewing assignment, or reflection sessions on education or clinical practice. This IPE for undergraduate students in a classroom setting is typically organized by faculty and often offered throughout the curriculum or large proportions of students within an educational program (Kent et al., 2017). • Right upper quadrant: In the undergraduate curriculum, IPE can also be offered in clinical practice. This can be done in IPE-wards, or student-led clinics. Unlike IPE in a classroom setting, IPE in clinical practice is usually not offered to all students, due to a shortage of clinical placements.
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