Chapter 3 │ Page 91 Figure 9: Kinetic e ects of NTP addition on immunogenicity of CDDP cancer cell killing. Heatmap shows a comprehensive overview of the fold changes, compared to untreated controls, in expression for all DAMPs at their respective timepoints across di erent HNSCC spheroids. Values between 0 and 1 represent a decrease, while values above 1 stand for an increase in the color gradient bar. 3.4 NTP-CDDP Combinations have Limited E ects on Immune-Regulating Cytokine and Chemokine Signals from Dying Cancer Cells Beyond DAMPs, immunostimulatory and inhibitory cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in shaping the immunogenicity of cancer cell death [18, 45]. These signaling molecules influence the recruitment and activation of immune cells, and understanding how NTP-CDDP impacts these mediators would provide deeper insight into their potential to drive a more e ective anti-cancer immune response. In that light, we investigated the presence of several key cytokines and chemokines in the context of HNSCC. Electrochemiluminescence-based analysis of the supernatant of di erent HNSCC spheroids was performed at 48 hours and 72 hours post treatment (Figure 10 and Suppl. Figure 2). In general, we could appreciate that the expression of both cytokines and chemokines varied across cell lines and treatment conditions and while certain trends could be observed, di erences were often not statistically significant due to variability within the data. De novo synthesized type I IFNs are considered as important adjuncts in the ICD process, boosting DC cross-presentation and cytotoxic capacity of T cells and NK cells [46, 47]. While none of the therapies a ected IFN-α secretion, except for
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