Hanne Verswyvel

Chapter 5 │ Page 173 Table 5.1. Relationship between Cx expression and cancer prognosis. Arrows indicate up- or down-regulation of Cxs. p-values show probability of obtaining that prognostic result. Connexin (gene) Cancer type Prognosis p-value Test Cx26 (GJB2) ↓ Breasta Unfavorable < 1.00 x 10-4 Mice Gliomab Unfavorable 4.45 x 10-4 Clinical Lungb Unfavorable 6.25 x 10-4 Clinical Pancreaticb Unfavorable 2.90 x 10-4 Clinical Renalb Unfavorable 2.53 x 10-6 Clinical Cx31 (GJB3) ↓ LUADb Unfavorable 3.54 x 10-8 Clinical Lungb Unfavorable 4.56 x 10-4 Clinical Pancreaticb Unfavorable 7.56 x 10-5 Clinical Cx32 (GJB1) ↑ KIRCb Favorable 4.88 x 10-8 Clinical Renalb Favorable 2.85 x 10-6 Clinical Lungc Favorable ≤ 5.00 x 10-2 Mice Cx32 (GJB1) ↓ HCCd Unfavorable < 5.00 x 10-2 Clinical Intestinale Unfavorable 6.60 x 10-2 Mice Liverf Unfavorable < 5.00 x 10-2 Mice Ovariang Unfavorable < 5.00 x 10-2 Clinical Cx43 (GJA1) ↑ Bladderh Favorable 1.00 x 10-3 Clinical KIRCb Favorable 2.60 x 10-4 Clinical Melanomai Favorable 5.00 x 10-2 Mice Cx43 (GJA1) ↓ Bone metastasesj Unfavorable 1.00 x 10-8 Mice Colorectalk Unfavorable < 5.00 x 10-2 Mice Gliomal Unfavorable Not available Clinical LUADm Unfavorable 2.00 x 10-2 Mice Lungn Unfavorable 3.50 x 10-2 Clinical Stomachb Unfavorable 4.99 x 10-5 Clinical Cx45 (GJC1) ↓ Renalb Unfavorable 3.55 x 10-8 Clinical Urothelialb Unfavorable 7.83 x 10-4 Clinical a[101]; bData were taken from “The Human Protein Atlas” website, after analysis by Uhlen et al. [102]; c[103]; d[104]; e[105]; f[106]; g[107]; h[108]; i[109]; j[110]; k[111]; l[112]; m[113]; n[114]. One of the mechanisms to explain why Cx expression and GJs are reduced in cancer cells is based on alterations in the activity of post-transcriptional factors of Cx-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs). Fukuda and co-workers reported for the first time the capability of miRNAs, produced by normal cells, to attenuate tumor progression after transfer to malignant cells through a Cx-dependent mechanism

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