76 Chapter 3 Table 1. Primary outcomes: process of care and intervention rates by region (continued) Obstetrician-led care at time of birth Total GR FR DR OV FL GD UT NH ZH ZL NB LB Total n 421,847 13,477 14,512 11,375 27,678 12,712 46,372 35,665 71,249 96,023 7,368 62,386 23,030 Episiotomy in vaginal births, % nulliparous multiparous 55.7 20.9 50.8 17.3 55.4 20.6 56.0 20.4 59.7 23.3 45.7 13.9 56.5 22.6 51.4 18.5 48.2 15.9 57.3 20.4 67.4 27.2 61.6 25.5 61.9 27.8 GR=Groningen; FR=Friesland; DR=Drenthe; OV=Overijssel; FL=Flevoland; GD=Gelderland; UT=Utrecht; NH=Noord-Holland; ZH=Zuid-Holland; NB=Noord-Brabant; LB=Limburg. These regions are the twelve provinces in the Netherlands. Percentage of missing data: 0.0% for women in midwife-led care at onset of pregnancy, 0.6% for women in midwife-led care at onset of labour, 0.6% for women in midwife-led care at time of birth, 0.4% for planned place of birth, 0.6% for actual place of birth, 0.0% for transfer to obstetrician-led care during labour, 3.8% for artificial rupture of membranes, 4.2% for episiotomy, 3.7% for oxytocin postpartum. * Due to some missing values in the actual place of birth variable, the rates of actual home birth and midwife-led birth in a hospital or birth centre do not add up to the total rate of women in midwife-led care at time of birth.
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