56 Chapter 2 GR FR DR OV FL Women in obstetrician-led care at onset of labour Total n 9,376 9,596 7,952 18,718 8,476 Induction of labour Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 1.22 [1.16-1.28] 1.18 [1.12-1.24] 1.05 [1.002-1.11] 1.00 [0.95-1.05] 1.27 [1.20-1.34] 1.22 [1.15-1.29] 1.14 [1.10-1.19] 1.11 [1.07-1.15] 0.97 [0.92-1.03] 1.03 [0.97-1.09] Augmentation of labour after spontaneous onset Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 0.87 [0.80-0.95] 0.89 [0.81-0.97] 0.94 [0.87-1.02] 1.01 [0.92-1.10] 1.02 [0.93-1.11] 1.05 [0.95-1.16] 0.87 [0.82-0.93] 0.88 [0.82-0.94] 1.41 [1.30-1.53] 1.43 [1.30-1.56] Intrapartum oxytocin use Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 1.13 [1.07-1.18] 1.12 [1.07-1.18] 1.09 [1.04-1.15] 1.11 [1.05-1.17] 1.28 [1.21-1.35] 1.29 [1.22-1.37] 0.95 [0.92-0.99] 0.94 [0.91-0.98] 1.31 [1.24-1.38] 1.34 [1.26-1.42] Epidural (women without prelabour CS) Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 1.01 [0.95-1.07] 1.01 [0.94-1.08] 0.84 [0.79-0.90] 0.88 [0.82-0.94] 0.48 [0.44-0.52] 0.49 [0.45-0.53] 1.16 [1.11-1.21] 1.20 [1.15-1.26] 0.51 [0.47-0.55] 0.48 [0.44-0.52] Other pharmacological pain relief (women without prelabour CS) Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 0.83 [0.78-0.89] 0.82 [0.77-0.87] 0.98 [0.92-1.04] 0.99 [0.93-1.05] 1.87 [1.77-1.98] 1.86 [1.75-1.97] 0.71 [0.68-0.75] 0.71 [0.68-0.75] 2.28 [2.16-2.41] 2.23 [2.11-2.37] Instrumental vaginal birth (women without prelabour CS) Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 1.09 [1.001-1.18] 1.10 [1.01-1.19] 1.05 [0.97-1.14] 1.10 [1.01-1.21] 0.91 [0.82-0.99] 0.92 [0.83-1.01] 1.17 [1.10-1.24] 1.21 [1.13-1.28] 0.88 [0.80-0.97] 0.95 [0.86-1.05] Prelabour CS Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 0.96 [0.90-1.04] 1.01 [0.93-1.09] 1.14 [1.06-1.22] 1.14 [1.06-1.23] 0.88 [0.81-0.96] 0.87 [0.80-0.95] 1.06 [1.003-1.12] 1.04 [0.99-1.10] 0.84 [0.77-0.91] 0.82 [0.75-0.90] Intrapartum CS (women without prelabour CS) Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 1.06 [0.99-1.14] 1.07 [0.996-1.16] 1.15 [1.07-1.23] 1.20 [1.12-1.30] 0.94 [0.87-1.02] 0.99 [0.91-1.07] 0.99 [0.94-1.04] 1.00 [0.94-1.06] 0.88 [0.81-0.95] 0.90 [0.83-0.98] Involvement paediatrician <24 hours Crude OR [99% CI] aOR* [99% CI] 1.36 [1.28-1.43] 1.36 [1.28-1.44] 0.99 [0.94-1.05] 1.00 [0.95-1.06] 0.91 [0.86-0.96] 0.92 [0.86-0.97] 0.94 [0.90-0.97] 0.94 [0.91-0.98] 0.72 [0.69-0.76] 0.75 [0.71-0.80] *Odds ratios, adjusted for parity, maternal age, ethnic background, socioeconomic status and urbanisation
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