81 Implementation strategies of fall prevention interventions in hospitals: A systematic review 3 ERIC domains† → ↓ Author year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total individual ERIC strategies From ERIC domains Scheidenhelm 2020 1 1 2 2 Schwendimann 2006 1 2 3 2 Semin-Goossens 2003 4 1 3 1 1 10 5 Sheppard 2021 1 2 1 4 3 Silkworth 2016 1 1 1 1 4 4 Spano 2019 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 14 7 Stephenson 2016 2 2 2 1 7 4 Titler 2016 1 7 5 1 14 4 Visvanathan 2022 1 3 4 2 Von Renteln-Kruse 2007 1 3 2 6 3 Walsh 2018 4 2 1 5 4 1 3 20 7 Ward 2004 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 7 Wayland 2010 1 3 4 2 Weinberg 2011 1 1 4 3 1 1 11 6 Woltsche 2022 2 1 3 2 Total 60301279 104 27 4 4 30 350 9 †ERIC domains: 1 Use evaluative and iterative strategies; 2 Provide interactive assistance; 3 Adapt and tailor to context; 4 Develop stakeholder interrelationships; 5 Train and educate stakeholders; 6 Support clinicians; 7 Engage consumers; 8 Utilize financial strategies; 9 Change infrastructure Fall rate During the baseline period, the fall rate per 1000 patient days ranged from 0.48 to 16.00 (median 3.7, IQR 2.5-6.1) divided over 53 study sites. In five studies fall rates were not assessed for the entire population but per study-site. For example, Nuckols et al. studied the implementation of the same FPIs in Santa Monica and San Francisco with different combinations of implementation strategies, which resulted in different fall rates per study-site [50]. Fall rate after the implementation of FPIs ranged from zero to 13 per 1000 patient days (median 2.6, IQR 1.6-3.9). The calculated delta fall rate ranged from -5.19 up to 2.7 (median -0.9, IQR -1.8-0.3). After implementation of FPIs, the fall rate had decreased in most study sites (n=46; 87%) and increased in five (11%) [25, 28, 33, 41, 68]. Stephenson et al. found no difference in fall rate before and after the implementation [60]. The fall rates per 1000 patient days for each study-site are incorporated in table 1.
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