175 Effects of de-implementation strategies aimed at reducing low-value nursing procedures 6 Author (y), Country Design study Setting Target group Type of low value care Primary outcome (s) Posttest intervention group (%)# Posttest Control group (%)# Statistical analyses performed (Yes/No) Positive significant effect (Yes/No) Kopke et al. (2012), Germany [47] RCT Nursing home Nurses Restraint use The percentage of residents with at least 1 physical restraint 423/1868 (22.6%) 525/1802 (29.1%) Yes Yes Kwok et al. (2005), China [48]* RCT Hospital Geriatric nurses Restraint use The proportion of subjects ever restrained N/A N/A Yes No Lai et al. (2011), China [49] Controlled before after Hospital Nurses Restraint use The prevalence of restraint use 299/612 (48.9%) 21/155 (13.5%) Yes No Pellfolk et al. (2010), Sweden [50] Cluster RCT Residential care facilities Registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurse’s aides Restraint use The use of restraint use 30/149 (20.1%) 53/139 (38.1%) Yes Yes Testad et al. (2010), Norway [51]* Cluster RCT Nursing home Nurses Restraint use The use of restraint use N/A N/A Yes Yes Testad et al. (2016), Norway [52] Cluster RCT Nursing home Nurses Restraint use The use of restraint use 15/83 (18.1%) 10/114 (8.8%) Yes Yes N/A = Not Available # Numbers based on the extracted results used for the meta-analyses; *Data for meta-analyses not available ** Data was not measured at patient level
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