115 Barriers and Facilitators Associated with the Implementation of Technical Improvements in Medical Beds 4 frameworks, models, and theories (FMTs) to guide implementation processes [24]. Effectively utilizing available FMTs is likely to enhance implementation success. For future technological innovations in nursing practice, we highly recommend involving nurses in the preparation and evaluation of the implementation plan. The implementation of our smart beds provided a blueprint for introducing technological innovations in a healthcare setting. A major pitfall was the assumption by some stakeholders that it was ‘just a bed’. The introduction of any medical device requires sufficient attention and a well-designed implementation plan. It is crucial not to underestimate human behavior; people are naturally resistant to changes and may feel apprehensive when new technologies are introduced. Another pitfall is viewing implementation as a one-time task. To ensure long-term success, sustainability must be addressed from the very beginning, not just during the evaluation phase. Strengths and limitations We conducted a rigorous process evaluation based on the principles of Moore et al. [10], addressing the various factors that could have influenced the implementation of smart beds in our hospital. The combination of observations, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews contributed to a rich and diverse dataset, providing a comprehensive understanding of the results. By assessing the implementation process at multiple time points – one and four years after introduction – the study offers valuable insights into the long-term integration of smart beds. Due to COVID-19 restrictions and time constraints, we were unable to observe users interacting with the smart functions during patient care, which resulted in no observations about use of the functions during patient care. Nonetheless, we believe we achieved a clear overview of the use of the smart functions in our hospital. Another limitation is that the study was conducted in a single center, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other healthcare settings. Additionally, variations in how the implementation was carried out across different wards could have influenced the results, making it difficult to draw consistent conclusions.
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