48 Chapter 3 RESULTS Baseline characteristics A total of 1836 patients with chronic coronary syndrome and a clinical indication for invasive coronary angiography in whom complete physiological and follow-up data were available, were included from the ILIAS registry. The key baseline characteristics of the whole study population and according to sex are depicted in Table 1. A total of 477 (26%) women were included in the final study population. Women were generally older (65 ± 10 vs 63 ± 10 years, p < 0.005) and had a higher prevalence of a positive family predisposition for cardiovascular disease (39 ± 5% vs 30 ± 3%, p < 0.005). Male patients more frequently were active smokers, or presented with a history of previous myocardial infarction or PCI. Table 1. Baseline characteristics according to gender P Total (N=1836) Female (N=477) Male (N=1359) P-value Age, y 64 (63 – 64) 65 (64 – 66) 63 (62 – 64) <0.005 Hypertension, % 59 (56 – 63) 62 (57 – 67) 58 (55 – 61) 0.152 Diabetes, % 28 (25 – 31) 25 (21 – 29) 29 (27 – 32) 0.090 Hyperlypidemia, % 66 (63 – 69) 64 (59 – 68) 67 (64 – 69) 0.373 Positive family history, % 32 (29 – 36) 39 (35 – 44) 30 (27 – 32) <0.005 Current smoker, % 21 (19 – 24) 16 (13 – 19) 24 (21 – 26) <0.005 Previous MI, % 19 (17 – 22) 13 (10 – 16) 22 (20 – 25) <0.005 Previous PCI, % 28 (25 – 31) 18 (15 – 22) 31 (29 – 34) <0.005 Characteristic of MRR and CFR according to sex Baseline angiographic and physiological data according to sex are depicted in Table 2. The LAD was the most frequently evaluated vessel (59%). The percent diameter stenosis was slightly, albeit statistically significant, lower in women compared to men (49 ± 2% vs 52 ± 1%, p = 0.009). Mean FFR was higher in women compared to men (0.83 ± 0.11 vs 0.81 ± 0.13%, p = 0.030) and both MRR and CFR were lower in women compared to men (3.2 ± 1.1 vs 3.5 ± 1.4, p < 0.005 for MRR, 2.5 ± 1.2 vs 2.7 ± 1.0, p < 0.005 for CFR). Figure 1 shows the correlation between CFR and MRR and its relationship with FFR. There was a strong correlation between MRR and CFR in both women (r = 0.80, p < 0.005) and men (r = 0.81, p < 0.005). The difference in CFR and MRR was equally related to decreasing FFR values in women compared to men (Correlation coefficient of − 2.57 for women vs − 2.93 for men, p = 0.155).
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