28 Chapter 2 Table 1. Baseline characteristics (continued) Total Women Men p-value Total number of patients n = 1836 n = 477 (26.0) n = 1359 (74.0) Intracoronary nicorandil, % 687 (29.4) 187 (31.4) 500 (28.8) Intracoronary adenosine, % 773 (33.1) 226 (37.9) 547 (31.5) Examined vessel 0.017 LAD, % 1378 (59.4) 381 (64.4) 997 (57.7) LCX, % 424 (18.3) 95 (16.1) 329 (19.0) RCA, % 518 (22.3) 116 (19.6) 402 (23.3) Hemodynamic parameters FFR, [IQR] 0.82 [0.76-0.91] 0.83 [0.78-0.92] 0.82 [0.76-0.90] <0.01 CFR, [IQR] 2.63 [1.8-3.2] 2.50 [1.8-3.0] 2.68 [1.8-3.3] <0.01 HMR, mmHg/cm/s, [IQR] 2.27 [1.62-2.75] 2.36 [1.71-2.73] 2.24 [1.58-2.76] 0.18 IMR, U, [IQR] 20.7 [12.6-24.1] 20.5 [12.4-24.0] 20.7 [12.6-24.1] 0.66 Reduced FFR (<0.80), % 851 (36.5) 184 (30.9) 667 (38.4) <0.01 Reduced CFR (≤2.5), % 1213 (52.0) 331 (55.6) 882 (50.8) 0.04 Increased MR, % 563 (28.1) 148 (28.2) 415 (28.0) 0.94 Increased HMR (>2.5), % 321 (13.7) 91 (15.3) 230 (13.2) 0.39 Increased IMR (>25), % 240 (10.3) 56 (9.4) 184 (10.6) 0.63 Data presented as n(%), mean ±standard deviation or median [1st quartile – 3rd quartile] Abbreviations: yrs: years; ACE: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; LCX: left circumflex coronary artery; RCA: right coronary artery; FFR: Fractional flow reserve; CFR: coronary flow reserve; HMR: hyperemic microvascular resistance index; IMR: index of microcirculatory resistance; IQR: interquartile range Despite equivalent mean angiographic diameter stenoses between the sexes (women: 49.4% vs. men: 52.1%, p = 1.00), FFR across the studied vessels was significantly higher for women vs. men (FFR 0.83 [0.78–0.92] vs. 0.82 [0.76–0.90], p < 0.01). Consequently, men more often demonstrated a hemodynamically significant FFR (≤0.80) compared to women (30.9% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.01). CFR was significantly lower for women vs. men (CFR 2.50 [1.8–3.0] vs. 2.68 [1.8–3.3], p < 0.01), and consequently, the prevalence of an abnormal CFR (≤2.5) was higher in women compared to men (55.6% vs. 50.8%, respectively p = 0.04). MR was equivalent between women and men, irrespective of either HMR or IMR methods of resistance quantification. Endotypes of CCS by sex The graphical abstract shows the patient-level prevalence of CCS endotypes. Within the study population, obstructive CAD occurred in 826 patients (45%) with 959 vessels (41%). Revascularization was performed in 567 patient (30.9%), and rates did not differ between women and men (28.1% vs. 31.9%, respectively p = 0.13). oCAD without revascularization occurred in 259 patients (4.1%). oCAD was more frequently observed in men compared
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