172 Chapter 8 Table 1. Baseline characteristics Total ANOCA patients Healthy controls p-value Total number of participants 49 24 25 Demographics Women, % 40 (81.6) 20 (83.3) 20 (80.0) 1.000 Age, yrs 56.5 ±8.0 56.8 ±8.9 56.2 ±7.2 0.813 BMI, kg/m2 26.1 ±4.0 28.3 ±4.1 24.1 ±2.7 <0.001 Coronary risk factors Hypertension, % 15 (30.6) 15 (62.5) 0 (0.0) <0.001 Hyperlipidemia, % 10 (20.4) 10 (41.7) 0 (0.0) <0.001 Positive family history, % 26 (53.1) 17 (70.8) 9 (36.0) 0.022 Current smoking, % 3 (6.1) 3 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0.110 Former smoker, % 24 (49.0) 8 (33.3) 16 (64.0) 0.046 Diabetes mellitus, % 3 (6.1) 3 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0.110 CMR characteristics LVEDV, ml/m2 74 [66-83] 76.5 [65-88] 72 [66-80] 0.337 LVESV, ml/m2 27 [24-33] 30 [22-36] 25 [24-32] 0.394 LVEF, % 62.7 ±5.4 62.5 ±5.8 62.9 ±5.2 0.789 RVEDVi, ml/m2 74.0 [66-85.0] 75 [67-85] 73 [66-89] 0.590 RVESVi, ml/m2 30.0 [24-37] 30 [25-40] 29 [23-36] 0.415 TAPSE, mm 24.7 ±3.9 24.9 ±4.5 24.6 ±3.3 0.804 RVEF, % 60.9 ±6.0 59.4 ±6.8 62.0 ±5.1 0.364 Medication at study admission ACE-inhibitors, % 12 (50.0) 0 (0.0) Anticoagulants, % 12 (50.0) 0 (0.0) Beta-blocker, % 6 (25.0) 0 (0.0) Calcium antagonist, % 17 (70.8) 0 (0.0) Nitrates, % 16 (66.7) 0 (0.0) Statins, % 12 (50.0) 0 (0.0) Non-Insulin agens for DM, % 3 (12.5) 0 (0.0) Data are presented as mean ± SD or median and IQR Abbreviations: yrs: years; BMI: Body Mass Index; LVEDV: Left Ventricle End-Diastolic Volume; LVESV : Left Ventricle End-Systolic Volume; LVEF: Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction; RVEDVi: Right Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume indezed; RVESVi: Right Ventricle End-Systolic Volume indexed; TAPSE: Tricuspid Annulur Plane Systolic Excursion; RVEF: Right Ventricle Ejection Fraction; ACE: Angiotensin Conversion Enzyme; DM: Diabetes Mellitus Visual assessment of perfusion by CMR The quality of the performed perfusion scans was rated as good in 96% of the cases and moderate in 4%. Dark-rim artifacts were present in 90% of all scans, while motion artifacts
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