84 Chapter 2 Appendix D – Overview of literature regarding the historical trends and drivers (Continued) Number Authors Year Title Trend in blood demand Driver: Cost 59 Perel, P. C., T.; Altman, D. G.; Croft, P.; Douglas, I.; Hemingway, H.; Hingorani, A.; Morley, K. I.; Riley, R.; Timmis, A.; Van der Windt, D.; Roberts, I.; Progress Partnership 2014 Red blood cell transfusion and mortality in trauma patients: risk-stratified analysis of an observational study No specific trend noted, but a possibility that RBC transfusions are harmful for those with low risk of death but beneficial for those with a high risk of death 60 Pham, J. C. C., C. L.; Berenholtz, S. M.; Haut, E. R. 2008 Change in use of allogeneic red blood cell transfusions among surgical patients Increased 61 Ramsey, S. D. M., J. S.; Blough, D. K.; McDermott, C. L.; Beck, S. J.; Lopez, J. A.; Deeg, H. J. 2012 Patterns of blood product use among patients with myelodysplastic syndrome Decreased (overall, RBC product decreased, yet no clear trend in average blood product use per patient) 62 Raphael, J. L. O., S. O.; Kowalkowski, M. A.; Mueller, B. U.; Ellison, A. M. 2013 Trends in blood transfusion among hospitalized children with sickle cell disease Increased 63 Rasouli, M. R. M., M. G.; Erkocak, O. F.; Austin, M. S.; Waters, J. H.; Parvizi, J. 2016 Blood management after total joint arthroplasty in the United States: 19-year trend analysis Increased 64 Robich, M. P. K., C. G.; Johnston, D. R.; Schiltz, N.; Chandran Pillai, A.; Hussain, S. T.; Soltesz, E. G. 2015 Trends in blood utilization in United States cardiac surgical patients Increased 65 Roubinian, N. H. E., G. J.; Liu, V.; Swain, B. E.; Gardner, M. N.; Kipnis, P.; Triulzi, D. J.; Gottschall, J. L.; Wu, Y.; Carson, J. L.; Kleinman, S. H.; Murphy, E. L. 2014 Trends in red blood cell transfusion and 30-day mortality among hospitalized patients Decreased
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