37 Past, present, and future of red blood cells Table 2.2 Foreseen medium-term trends in RBC demand and its contributing transformational factors Medium-term trends Contributing transformational factors Sanquin n (%) Total, 20 Non-Sanquin n (%) Total, 8 International n (%) Total, 14 Overall, n (%) Total, 42 RBCs will increase 5 (25) … 2 (14) 7 (17) Aging population and NCDs 3 (15) … 2 (14) 5 (12) Using RBC transfusions instead of crystalloids and colloids to treat hemorrhagic shock 1 (5) … … 1 (2) ICU patients’ support 1 (5) … … 1 (2) RBCs will decrease 8 (40) 7 (88) 4 (29) 19 (45) Cultured RBCs 4 (20) … 1 (7) 5 (12) Gene therapy 2 (10) 1 (13) 1 (7) 4 (10) Better surgical techniques 3 (15) 3 (38) 1 (7) 7 (17) Personalized medicine/transfusion 2 (10) 2 (25) … 4 (10) Reduced RBC clearance 3 (15) … … 3 (7) Regardless of aging population 1 (5) … 2 (14) 3 (7) Lowered transfusion thresholds … 1 (13) … 1 (2) More awareness of transfusion’s adverse effects … 1 (13) … 1 (2) Hemoglobinopathy innovations 4 (20) 1 (13) … 5 (12) Restrictive use in performing C-sections 1 (5) … … 1 (2) Hemoglobin-oxygen carriers … … 1 (7) 1 (2) RBCs will decrease but stabilize 3 (15) 1 (13) 1 (7) 5 (12) Cumulative effect of demographic factors … … 1 (7) 1 (2) C-section = cesarean section; ICU = intensive care unit; NCDs = noncommunicable diseases.
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