216 Chapter 6 2. Evaluate whether and how elements of complexity leadership emerged during that time. 6.2 Methods Theoretical concepts and framework Organizational resilience Resilience is a meta-capability of an organization, combining the abilities to anticipate potential threats and be prepared for, effectively cope with and adapt or learn from it. Duchek’s framework outlines three stages of resilience, of which we focused on the second and third stages as they were appropriate to the current stage of research and current state of pandemic at that time. The second stage of coping occurs during the disruptive event and requires (1) accepting the situation at hand and all its uncertainties and (2) developing and implementing solutions using social resources as part of cognitive and behavioral actions. The third stage of adaptation occurs after the disruptive event and involves (1) reflection and learning and (2) change.5 Underlying these stages are the main antecedent (knowledge base) and drivers (resource availability, social resources, and power and responsibility) that affect all or some (Figure 6.1). Figure 6.1 Duchek’s organizational resilience framework5 reproduced from a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence.
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