19 General Introduction (Hence, we could see Duchek’s second and third stages, “coping” and “adaptation” in “real time.”) Ultimately, we decided to forgo creating specific scenarios for the value of understanding our results from an organizational resilience perspective. Therefore, the overarching research question is: How can Sanquin respond to future changes in blood demand of RBCs and Ig? To answer this question, the thesis is divided into two parts: I. To identify external opportunities and threats regarding the future demand of RBCs and Ig products for Sanquin (Chapters 2-4), II. To identify organizational elements of resilience in response to a disruptive event (Chapters 5-6). Part I reflects the beginning of our journey in which we set out to find the historical drivers, transformational factors in society, technology, ecology, economics, and politics/legislature that are considered most important in affecting future RBC and Ig demand (Chapters 2 and 3). Drawing from the results of the transformational factors in Chapter 2, Chapter 4 highlights 10 main themes of transformational factors, ranked by respondents in terms of importance and uncertainty to affect future RBC demand. It lists the organizational implications for Sanquin by describing specific opportunities and threats within those themes. In doing so, Chapter 4 shifts the thesis from the external (Part I) to the internal perspective (Part II) as the remaining chapters will illustrate Sanquin’s actions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (prelude to Chapters 5 and 6) and specific organizational initiatives during the pandemic. Chapter 5 assesses which elements of improvisation in the early-group convalescent plasma project contributed towards successful teamwork and organizational resilience, while Chapter 6 provides a broad overview of the various organizational initiatives and reflects on whether elements of complexity leadership occurred. Finally, the Discussion and Conclusion in Chapter 7 answers the research questions, reflecting upon the two overarching objectives and lessons learned for organizational resilience for BEs. It ends with organizational recommendations and further research questions. Table 1.2 lists the specific research questions per chapter.
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