Praiseldy Langi Sasongko

16 Chapter 1 medical innovations and new research occur, the future demand of blood products is likely to change. Therefore, applying scenario planning to a new field such as Transfusion Medicine was considered useful to aid BE management in developing strategic thinking and becoming more proactive to the uncertainties of the future. This would, ultimately, enable BEs to become (more) resilient. 1.5 Brief Introduction to Organizational Resilience “To survive in uncertain environments and to foster future success, organizations must be able to handle all of these manifestations of the unexpected” (Duchek, p. 2).27 Resilience is a common concept in fields like psychology, which has focused on the individual and familial contexts.28 While the terminology shares commonalities with similar words such as flexibility, agility, or robustness, the emphasis of resilience is on unexpected threats and crises. Resilience is relatively new in business and management research and it has only been in the early 21st century that research focusing on organizational resilience has grown.27,29 This relative new emergence is reflected in in the diversity of definitions, conceptualizations, and measures of resilience across literature.27,30 Duchek synthesizes how three broad groups of definitions have emerged:27 1. Organizational resilience is the ability to resist adverse events and/or the ability to recover after disturbances and return to a normal state; 2. Organizational resilience is the ability to look beyond the maintenance and restoration of an organization’s functionality and focus instead on the advancement of its processes and capabilities so it may come out of a crisis stronger than before; 3. Organizational resilience is the ability to anticipate adverse events so that it can identify potential risks and take proactive steps to prevent dangers before they occur. Furthermore, four groups of conceptualizations have been found in literature:27,31 1. Organizational resilience is an outcome (linked to definition #1 above) comprised of specific behavioral, resource, or processual factors that may contribute towards a resilient outcome (or not); 2. Organizational resilience is a process made of distinct stages such as anticipation and learning; 3. Organizational resilience is a set of capabilities comprised of an organization’s resources, routines, practices, and processes.

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