Praiseldy Langi Sasongko

106 Chapter 3 the most recently updated (in 2018) at the time of this study; (2) the revised European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines (released January 2019), applicable for the European setting; (3) The Dutch transfusion guidelines (CBO) 2020, applicable for the Netherlands. For all searches, inclusion criteria included articles from January 2010 to July 2021 in the English and Dutch languages. We excluded studies regarding animals, “on-label” or established indications with no changes (e.g., dosage) to it, and conference proceedings and abstracts if full text was not available. Literature was also ‘snowballed,’ meaning that it was obtained through interviews or as a citation from another article. Authors PLS and CSO independently performed the screening of titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. When needed, discussions were held between both authors in order to reach consensus. After eliminating duplicates, and reading for titles and abstracts, 97 articles were chosen for full text (Figure 3.1). Semi-structured interviews. We used a purposive sampling strategy21 to identify experts such as clinicians in specialties known to use (the most) Ig, SPP personnel, and representatives from a patient organization and a not-for-profit plasma association. All experts were initially approached through a standardized email invitation providing information about the study; if they agreed to participate, each interview would last approximately 30–60 min in length and was recorded with informed consent. Experts were assured of anonymity and confidentiality in the publication of their data and gave verbal consent prior to being interviewed. Interviews were in person or over the telephone, with one expert only accessible through email. Additional respondents were ‘snowballed,’ a method in which prior respondents were asked to refer other individuals they thought would be appropriate for this study. An interview guide was created in accordance with the research questions comprising of three main sections: (I) current IVIG usage (for clinicians) or distribution/ trends (for non-clinicians), (II) transformational factors in society, technology/clinical, economics, politics, or legal that could impact IVIG demand and to what effect, (III) future prediction of IVIG demand (Appendix B). A semi-structured approach was adopted so that the interview guide was followed with additional probing and follow-up questions when appropriate. This allowed for the interviews to be more conversational in nature.22 Interviews were deemed sufficient in accordance with the project’s timeline and the scoping literature review findings. Analysis of interviews. All recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using qualitative software MAXQDA 2018 (VERBI Software GmbH, Germany). Several rounds of coding were applied to understand the data in their context. First cycle

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