395 Health-related quality of life following [18F]FDG-PET/CT 7 Table 2. Longitudinal changes and univariate differences between groups in EQ-5D-5L utility scores Patient score, between-group differences Baseline 3 months 6 months 12 months EQ-5D-5L mean SD p* mean SD p* mean SD p* mean SD p* EQ-5D-5L utilities Malignant 0.844 0.173 0.87 0.806 0.238 0.95 0.717 0.347 0.90 0.826 0.213 0.14 Benign 0.838 0.165 ref 0.803 0.183 ref 0.726 0.339 ref 0.750 0.293 ref Active surveillance 0.836 0.208 0.97 0.858 0.144 0.14 0.798 0.230 0.24 0.832 0.190 0.12 Mean difference over time, within group Baseline v 3 months Baseline v 6 months Baseline v 12 months 3 v 12 months EQ-5D-5L mean diff p† mean diff p† mean diff p† mean diff p† EQ-5D-5L utilities Malignant -0.038 0.43 -0.127 0.03 -0.018 0.57 0.020 0.71 Benign -0.034 0.08 -0.111 0.003 -0.088 0.01 -0.053 0.09 Active surveillance 0.021 0.49 -0.038 0.39 -0.004 0.89 -0.026 0.39 For the EQ-5D-5L, utilities are scaled from 0 (similar to death) to 1 (full health). *: P value indicates the betweengroup difference for that assessment, using an independent samples t-test and using the benign histopathology group as reference category (ref.). †: P value indicates whether the within-group difference between two assessments is statistically significant, using a paired samples t-test. (p=0.006) scales of the RAND-36. The PCS and MCS were both significantly lower at 3 months than at baseline (p=0.008 and p=0.03, respectively). Between 3 and 12 months, emotional role functioning significantly recovered to baseline levels (p=0.02). Scores on other scales did not (significantly) improve and HRQoL was still significantly lower at 12 months as compared to baseline. These included physical functioning (p=0.04), physical role functioning (p=0.04), and pain (p=0.01), which were also reflected in a decreased 12-month PCS (p=0.005). Within-group assessment of patients with malignant histopathology demonstrated a decreased physical role functioning score from baseline to 6 months (p=0.03), but a positive health change from baseline to 12 months (p=0.01). Other within-group differences were not statistically significant. On univariate between-group comparison (Table 3), we observed better HRQoL in patients under active surveillance than patients with benign histopathology at 3 and/or 6 months with regard to social functioning (p=0.02), physical role functioning (p=0.01 and p=0.04), emotional role functioning (p=0.007), and at 12 months with regard to mental health (p=0.04). This was reflected in a higher MCS at 3 (p=0.02), 6 (p=0.01) and 12 months (p=0.009). Differences between histopathologically benign and malignant groups were limited: a better mental health was observed at 12 months (p=0.009) in patients with malignancy.
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