394 chapter 7 EQ-5D-5L Longitudinal, within-group assessment of the EQ-5D-5L (Table 2 and Figure 2) showed that utilities significantly decreased in surgical patients with benign (p=0.003) and malignant histopathology (p=0.03) from baseline to 6 months. In patients with benign histopathology, decreased utilities were still observed at 12 months as compared to baseline (p=0.01). No significant between-group differences in utilities were observed. The mean QALYs were not significantly lower in the benign histopathology group (0.766 ± 0.212) as compared to the active surveillance group (0.826 ± 0.168, p=0.16) or malignant histopathology group (0.782 ± 0.206, p=0.71). Rand-36 Baseline scores of the three groups were similar for all RAND-36 scales. Besides a positive health change on the RAND-36 at 6 months as compared to baseline (p=0.02), patients who underwent active surveillance for an [18F]FDG-negative nodule generally reported stable HRQoL scores throughout the year (Table 3, Figure 3). Within the benign histopathology group, a significant decrease in HRQoL was observed from baseline to 3 and/or 6 months on the physical functioning (p=0.04), social functioning (p=0.002), physical role functioning (p<0.001 and p=0.008), emotional role functioning (p=0.03), and pain Figure 2. Changes in mean EQ-5D-5L utilities over time For the EQ-5D-5L, utilities are scaled from 0 (as bad as death) to 1 (full health). The p value indicates the statistically significant within-group differences between two assessments over time, using a paired samples t-test. Full data, including mean differences and other p values, are presented in Table 2.
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