329 [18F]FDG-PET/CT to prevent futile surgery: a blinded, randomised controlled multicentre trial 4 Table 18. Therapeutic yield after one year of follow-up in AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN and HCN/SHCN nodules >10 mm [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group diagnostic surgery group n % (95% CI) n % (95% CI) p non-Hürthle cell nodules, AUS/FLUS+FN/SFN (n=97) n=66 n=31 Beneficial management 41 / 66 62% (49%-74%) 5 / 31 16% (5%-34%) <0.001a Surgery for malignant/borderline nodule 20 / 66 30% (20%-43%) 5 / 31 16% (5%-34%) 0.14a Surveillance for benign nodule 21 / 66 32% (21%-44%) 0 / 31 0% (0%-11%) <0.001a Unbeneficial management Surgery for benign nodule 25 / 66 38% (26%-51%) 26 / 31 84% (66%-95%) <0.001a Surveillance for malignant/borderline nodule 0 / 66 0 % (0%-5%) 0 / 31 0% (0%-11%) n.a. Avoided surgery in benign nodules 21 / 46 46% (31%-61%) 0 / 26 0% (0%-13%) <0.001a AUS/FLUS (n=58) n=38 n=20 Beneficial management 22 / 38 58% (41%-74%) 1 / 20 5% (0%-25%) <0.001a Surgery for malignant/borderline nodule 9 / 38 24% (11%-40%) 1 / 20 5% (0%-25%) 0.14b Surveillance for benign nodule 13 / 38 34% (20%-51%) 0 / 20 0% (0%-17%) 0.002b Unbeneficial management Surgery for benign nodule 16 / 38 42% (26%-59%) 19 / 20 95% (75%-100%) <0.001a Surveillance for malignant/borderline nodule 0 / 38 0% (0%-9%) 0 / 20 0% (0%-17%) n.a. Avoided surgery in benign nodules 13 / 29 45% (26%-64%) 0 / 19 0% (0%-18%) <0.001a FN/SFN (n=39) n = 28 n = 11 Beneficial management 19 / 28 68% (48%-84%) 4 / 11 36% (11%-69%) 0.15b Surgery for malignant/borderline nodule 11 / 28 39% (22%-59%) 4 / 11 36% (11%-69%) 1b Surveillance for benign nodule 8 / 28 29% (13%-49%) 0 / 11 0% (0%-28%) 0.08b Unbeneficial management Surgery for benign nodule 9 / 28 32% (16%-52%) 7 / 11 64% (31%-89%) 0.15b Surveillance for malignant/borderline nodule 0 / 28 0% (0%-12%) 0 / 11 0% (0%-28%) n.a. Avoided surgery in benign nodules 8 / 17 47% (23%-72%) 0 / 7 0% (0%-41%) 0.05b Hürthle cell nodules, HCN/SHCN (n=31) n=23 n=8 Beneficial management 10 / 23 43% (23%-66%) 2 / 8 25% (3%-65%) 0.43b Surgery for malignant/borderline nodule 8 / 23 35% (16%-57%) 1 / 8 13% (0%-53%) 0.38b Surveillance for benign nodule 2 / 23 9% (1%-28%) 1 / 8 13% (0%-53%) 1b Unbeneficial management Surgery for benign nodule 13 / 23 57% (34%-77%) 6 / 8 75% (35%-97%) 0.43b Surveillance for malignant/borderline nodule 0 / 23 0% (0%-15%) 0 / 8 0% (0%-37%) n.a. Avoided surgery in benign nodules 2 / 15 13% (2%-40%) 1 / 7 14% (0%-58%) 1b AUS/FLUS=atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesions of undetermined significance. CI=confidence interval. FN/SFN=(suspicious for a) follicular neoplasm. HCN/SHCN=(suspicious for a) Hürthle cell neoplasm. N.a.=not applicable. a: Pearson’s chi-squared test. b: Fisher’s exact test.
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