321 [18F]FDG-PET/CT to prevent futile surgery: a blinded, randomised controlled multicentre trial 4 Table 10. Secondary outcomes: HRQoL and societal costs. [18F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group (n=91) diagnostic surgery group (n=41) p mean difference (95% CI) HRQoL Mean one-year QALYs from EQ-5D-5L (95% CI) 0.792 (0.749-0.836) 0.727 (0.663-0.791) 0.13a 0.065 (-0.018-+0.159)a Adjusted mean one-year QALYs from EQ-5D-5L (95% CI) 0.793 (0.753-0.833) 0.725 (0.651-0.799) 0.11b 0.068 (-0.015-+0.151)b Societal costs Mean one-year societal costs (95% CI) €15,500 (+€12,600-+€18,500) €20,100 (+€15,500-+€24,700) 0.13a -€4,600 (-€10,500-+€1,300)a Adjusted mean one-year societal costs (95% CI) €14,800 (+€12,600-+€17,000) €21,700 (+€16,800-+€26,600) 0.01b -€6,900 (-€12,100--€1,600)b CI=confidence interval. HRQoL=health-related quality of life. QALYs=quality-adjusted life years. a: independent samples t-test with unequal variances. b: generalized linear model, adjusted analysis for stratifying variables and malignancy/borderline rate based on the local histopathological diagnosis.
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