26 chapter 2 Table 2. Overview of test performance and utility of main additional diagnostics in indeterminate thyroid nodules Sensitivity Specificity Molecular Biomarkers Gene Mutation Analysis and Gene Expression BRAF 0%-83% [72, 97, 99, 103] 99%-100% [60, 67-69, 73-76, 79-114] RAS 0%-77% [77, 98] 75%-100% [77, 98, 128] RET/PTC 0%-29% [69, 87] 73%-100% [67, 69] PAX8/PPARγ 0%-29% [93, 97, 147] 96%-100% [75, 97, 108] 7-gene mutation panel 18%-69% [61, 99] 86%-99% [75, 99] NGS 71%-91% [60, 109] 89%-93% [109, 118] Afirma® GEC 83%-100% [168, 169, 172, 182] 10%-52% [164, 168] MicroRNA 57%-100% [61, 197, 199] 58%-100% [187, 199] Immunocytochemistry Galectin-3 0%-92% [82, 212] 68%-100% [82, 213-215] HBME-1 61%-100% [212, 214, 218, 219] 75%-96% [212, 214, 218, 219] CK-19 76%-88% [212, 218, 220] 80%-100% [212, 218, 220] Conventional imaging Ultrasound Dependent on (combination of) feature(s) Dependent on (combination of) feature(s) Elastosonography 47% to 97% [58, 260] 6% to 100% [251, 259, 287] Computed Tomography Unavailable Unavailable Functional and Molecular Imaging [99mTc]Tc-MIBI scintigraphy 56%-79% [58, 296] 52%-96% [58, 108] FDG-PET 77%-100% [37, 303, 305, 306, 309] 33%-64% [37, 308] DW-MRI Unpublished Unpublished BRAF: BRAF point mutation analysis. GEC: Gene Expression Classifier. n.a.: not applicable. NGS: Next Generation Sequencing. RAS: RAS point mutation analysis.
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