70 Chapter 4 have been defined: self-empowerment (13 items), learning and new potentials (15 items) and spirituality (2 items). A mean total scale score for all completed items (again 1 to 5) is calculated. The Dutch version of the MHRM has a Cronbach’s alpha that ranges from 0.86 to 0.94 (30). Data analysis The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 28 (31). Aim 1 and 2: symptom severity change was calculated by subtracting the BPRS baseline score from the score on follow-up (leading to a positive value in case of increase of symptoms, and a negative value in case of decrease of symptoms). The change score of personal recovery was calculated by subtracting the MHRM score on baseline from the score on follow-up (leading to a positive value in case of an increase in personal recovery and to a negative value in case of a decrease in personal recovery). The association between change in (domains of) symptom severity and change in personal recovery over the course of three years was calculated by correlation coefficients. Subsequent hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate which part of the variance of change in personal recovery was explained by change in symptom severity and its various domains (positive, negative, depression/anxiety, and excitement/disorganization symptoms). Aim 3: a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between baseline severity of various symptom domains and change in personal recovery over the course of three years. All other available variables were assessed as potential confounders by calculating the correlation between them and the outcome (change in personal recovery). If there was a significant correlation, a correction was done. RESULTS Sample characteristics As mentioned previously, 90 of the original 105 participants gave permission to be contacted for a follow-up interview. Of these 90, 2 participants passed away, 20 participants could not be reached with the original contact details, 14 refused on second thought and 5 cancelled their appointment or did not show up. Therefore, 49 patients participated in the current follow-up study. Table 1 shows the demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline of all participants of the study and those who participated at follow-up. No major differences between the two groups were observed. Slightly more men than women were included. Most patients were from Dutch origin, were single and lived independently. Most patients had a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and received treatment on a voluntary basis.
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