30 Chapter 2 Table 1: Studies on the Relationship Between Clinical Recovery and Personal Recovery, Hope and Empowerment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Study N Age, Mean (SD) Gender, %M/%F Origin Setting Andresen et al(25) 110 39.5 (11.3) 54/46 Australia Outpatient Armstrong et al(55) 795 54.3 (9.4) 92/8 USA Outpatient Berry et al(56) 325 37.9 (9.7) 86.5/13.5 UK Outpatient Castelein et al(21) 50 31.4 (13) 72/28 Netherlands Mixed Cavelti et al(57) 156 44.5 (11.7) 66/34 Switzerland Outpatient Chou et al(58) 190 44.9 (11.6) 50/50 Taiwan Outpatient Díaz-Mandado et al(59) 43 36.7 (8.1) 74.4/25.6 Spain Outpatient Giusti et al(24) 76 45.8 (12.7) 57.9/42.1 Italy Inpatient Gottschalk et al(48) 23 ? ? USA ? Hofer et al(60) Japan: 60 Austria: 52 J: 45.9 (10.0) A: 44.4 (10.7) J: 37/63 A: 52/48 Japan and Austria Outpatient Jahn et al(61) 169 51.9 (8.5) 87.5/12.5 USA Outpatient Jørgensen et al(62) 101 37.5 (12.6) 47/53 Denmark Outpatient Kukla et al(63) 119 47.6 (8.8) 74/26 USA Outpatient Kukla et al(64) 68 50.2 (11.0) 94.1/5.9 USA Outpatient Landeen et al(65) 55 34.9 75/25 Canada Outpatient Landeen et al(66) 70 31.1 (6.3) 60/40 Canada Mixed Law et al(67) 335 36.0 (11.6) 66.3/33.7 UK Mixed Law et al(68) 110 37.3 (11.6) 69/31 UK Mixed Lecomte et al(49) 150 25.0 (6.4) 61/39 Canada Outpatient Lysaker et al(50) 52 44 100/0 USA Outpatient Lysaker et al(69) 25 50.7 (10.2) 96/4 USA Outpatient
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