114 Chapter 6 Table 5: Multiple Regression Analysis for personal recovery in healthy controls. Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients B SE Beta t Sig. Intercept 2.318 .443 5.229 <.001 Symptoms Negative symptoms Depressive symptoms .049 -.095 .130 .117 .035 -.076 .376 -.812 .708 .418 Resilience Proactive action Seeking social support Calming thoughts Positive self Positive other .263 -.084 .055 .187 .055 .073 .059 .060 .040 .044 .339 -.119 .078 .333 .089 3.620 -1.424 .923 4.714 1.257 <.001 .156 .357 <.001 .210 Social functioning Interaction, raw score Pro-social, raw score .031 .00 .050 .002 .039 .085 .610 1.435 .543 .153 Life events # of positive events -.002 .013-.007-.120 .905 In siblings, independent variables explained 37.5% of the variance (R=.612, SE .367, F=18.311, p<.001). Age, positive and depressive symptoms, positive self, positive others and social interaction were significantly associated with personal recovery. Pro-active action taking and pro-social behavior additionally contributed on a trend level (see table 4). Finally, in healthy controls independent variables explained 39.7% of the variance in personal recovery (R=.630, SE .373, F=11.979, p<.001). Positive self and pro-active action taking significantly contributed to the model (see table 5). DISCUSSION Main findings To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating whether similar factors are associated with personal recovery in patients with non-affective psychosis, unaffected siblings and healthy controls. The schema of positive self was significantly and independently associated with personal recovery in all three groups. Pro-active action taking also seems to be important. Social functioning significantly contributed to explained variance of personal recovery in patients and siblings. Regarding illness-related factors, depressive symptoms were associated with personal recovery in both patients and siblings, whereas positive symptoms were only associated in siblings and not in patients. Interpretation and comparison with existing literature Because there is no existing literature on factors associated with personal recovery of siblings or controls, our findings can only be compared with studies in patients.
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