111 Personal recovery suits us all ◊ For comparison reasons the total RAS score for patients is reported excluding the subscale ‘domination by symptoms’ here * A different subsample has been used for the UCL: N = 384 patients, N = 436 siblings, and N = 200 healthy controls, as this scale was not assessed at the study site Maastricht. WAIS = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, RAS = Recovery Assessment Scale, CAPE = Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, UCL = Utrechtse Coping Lijst, BCSS = Brief Core Schema Scales, SFS = Social Functioning Scale, CSQ = Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. RESULTS Sample characteristics For the current study, data on personal recovery was available from 580 patients, 630 siblings, and 351 healthy controls. Table 1 presents descriptive statistics of the variables included. Differences between patients, siblings and healthy controls were significant across all characteristics. Associations between variables of interest and personal recovery in patients, siblings and healthy controls Bi-variate associations are presented in table 2. In all three groups, symptom dimensions, aspects of resilience (positive schemata and functional coping strategies), aspects of social functioning, as well as the experience of positive life events showed significant correlations with personal recovery. No other illnessrelated variables (e.g. antipsychotic use or illness duration) were significantly associated with personal recovery in the subsample of patients. Multiple regression analyses When investigating the assumption of the multiple linear regression analyses, q-q plots of standardized residuals showed no significant deviation from normality and scatterplots of residuals versus predicted values showed no clear pattern in the distribution implying homoscedasticity. Finally, no serious multicollinearity existed among the independent variables, with the highest variance inflation factor of 3.25 for depressive symptoms in siblings. In some cases, data of independent variables were missing (see table 2). To analyze the full, incomplete data set, maximum likelihood estimation was used in multiple regression analyses. Variables showing significant bi-variate associations with personal recovery were entered on bloc to the model. Results in patients with psychotic disorders revealed a significant equation F= 22,368, p < .001, with an overall explained variance of 48.2% (R=.695, SE .383). As shown in table 3, depressive symptoms, positive self, social interaction and pro-social behavior were the four variables significantly associated with personal recovery in patients. Proactive coping and positive life events additionally contributed on a trend level. 6
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