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CESA/VASA 57 months). All studies were from single institutions and were undertaken exclusively in Germany (n=7)37,106-110,122, the UK (n=1)124 and Egypt (n=1)123. Figure 1. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews which included searches of databases, registers and other sources. From: Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.For more information, visit: http://www.prisma-statement.org/. Patient characteristics The patient characteristics are summarised in Table 2. The median age across the studies was 63 years (range, 30–92 years). BMI was reported in six studies37,106,108,110,123,124. The mean BMI across all the studies was 26.9 kg/m2. Patient comorbidities and ethnicity have been reported in only two articles107,123. Main indication for surgery was urinary incontinence in four studies106-109 and pelvic organ prolapse in two studies110,123. One study required participants to have both conditions.37 Surgical procedure Overall, 851 procedures were reported: 448 were CESA, 348 were VASA, and 55 procedures were not specified106. Since 2016, 344 procedures have been performed laparoscopically.37,109 In the other 507 cases, laparotomy was performed. The median operating time was 88.0 minutes (range, 34–194) for laparoscopic procedures37 and 88.5 minutes (range 58 to145) for interventions performed by laparotomy107,123.

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