29 The incidence of abdominal surgical site infections after abdominal birth defects surgery in infants Chapter 2 Results Study characteristics We identified 5784 records of which 3909 records were left for title and abstract screening after automated removal of duplicates. Of the 3909 records, 722 were included and assessed for full text. Following full text evaluation 154 studies were included for quantitative analysis (Figure 1). One-hundred-eighteen of these studies were retrospective cohorts, twenty-seven prospective cohorts, five were retrospective multicentre cohort studies, two were randomized controlled trials, one was a retrospective matched case-control study and one was a study that combined a prospective and retrospective cohort. Studies were conducted in 33 different countries. Asian countries were most prominent with 62 studies, European studies represented 36 studies, North- & South-America represented 42 studies, Africa represented 7 studies and the Middle-East also 7 studies. Oceania represented no studies. Of the 154 studies, 75 (48%) reported a follow-up of at least half a year. This systematic review and meta-analysis represents 11,786 patients described in 154 studies (Appendix 2) [35-188]. Among these patients, the congenital conditions were divided as follows: Hirschsprung’s disease (N=3843); gastroschisis (N=2598); anorectal malformations (N=1876); duodenal obstruction (N=1055); small intestinal atresia (N=741); biliary atresia (N=641); congenital diaphragmatic hernia (N=411); omphalocele (N=255); choledochal cyst (N=156); Meckel diverticula (N=46); meconium ileus (N=44); colonic atresia (N=44); teratoma (N=42); malrotation (N=33); duplication cyst (N=1). Risk of bias was assessed and is shown in Appendix 3; most studies reported medium quality.
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