260 Chapter 12 Results Baseline characteristics In total 80 patients were included of whom 48 (60%) had a primary anastomosis and 32 (40%) an enterostomy. Baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. No significant differences between both treatment groups were found in sex, number of prematures, birthweight, age at surgery, ASA score or centimetres of small bowel resected. However a significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) was found in the location of the atresia: 21 out of 26 jejunum atresias (81%) were treated by primary anastomosis. Type of atresia was not significantly different amongst both interventions. Of the comorbidities, gastroschisis patients were significantly (F ≤ 0.001) more often treated with an enterostomy. Most (80%) patients had one anastomosis with the creation of a primary anastomosis whilst three (9%) patients in the enterostomy group also received an anastomosis in addition to an enterostomy. Tapering was performed in 20 patients with primary anastomosis of which 6 (13%) with the use of staples and 14 (29%) by inverse suturing. The duration of admission was a median of 33 days for patients operated with a primary anastomosis and 50 days for patients receiving an enterostomy. Readmission was necessary in eleven (35%) of the enterostomy patients for reversal, the rest was operated during the same admission as enterostomy formation. For the readmitted patients, the duration of readmission was a median of 17 days. The duration of follow-up did not differ between both groups. Complications following both treatment options The complications following each separate operation are reported in Table 2. A ClavienDindo grade III complication or higher was documented in 15 (31%) of patients with a primary anastomosis, whilst this was the case for 17 (53%) of patients following enterostomy formation and ten (32%) of patients following enterostomy reversal. In Table 3 the occurrence of complications following both enterostomy procedures are combined in order to be able to compare the chances of experiencing a complication during both treatments at least once. Of the patients with a primary enterostomy, taking in account both enterostomy formation and reversal, 19 (60%) experienced a ClavienDindo grade ≥III during the course of treatment which was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) more than following primary anastomosis with 15 of 48 (31%) patients. Also, Surgical site infections (F = 0.01) and wound dehiscence (F ≤ 0.01) were early complications that occurred significantly more often in the enterostomy group. Adhesive bowel obstructions
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