110 Chapter 4 As displayed in Table 5, return of bowel function was described using a total of 133 outcome measures, of which 37 were unique. Of these unique outcome measures, 16% were used only once. “Time to oral intake” made up 14% of the outcome measures. “Time to passage of first stool” (10%), time to full enteral feeds” (8%) and “Time to full diet” (8%) were amongst the top contributors of outcome measures. Gastric motility was described by 66% of the outcome measures as opposed to 28% for intestinal motility and 6% for a combination of both. Table 1 – Characteristics of included prospective studies Total articles included = 71 Count (%) Year of publication 1990 – 1999 6 (9%) 2000 – 2009 25 (35%) 2010 – 2020 40 (56%) Type of surgery Upper GI 48 (68%) Lower GI 10 (14%) Combination 13 (18%) Type of study Observational case series 21 (29%) Observational cohort study 26 (37%) Randomized trial 24 (34%) Setting Europe 18 (26%) The middle east 8 (11%) South-east Asia 20 (28%) Oceania 1 (1%) Africa 3 (4%) South-America 2 (3%) North-America 19 (27%) Recruitment <100 53 (75%) (range: 5-97) >100 18 (25%) (range: 102 – 1808) Age group included New-borns 16 (23%) Infants 15 (21%) Pre-school 11 (15%) Child 24 (34%) Adolescent 2 (3%) Mixed age groups 3 (4%)
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