Chapter 2 34 Table 2.1 – (Continued) First author, year of publication Country Included participants (age range or mean) Study design Measurement of psychiatric disorder Unintended pregnancy assessment Results Hall et al., 201434 US 940 women, aged 18-20 year with a strong wish to avoid pregnancy, filled in questionnaires for one year weekly to assess subsequent pregnancies for one year. Prospective cohort study Moderate/severe depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline, by use of the CESD-5 scale with a cut-off of ≥461 Any self-reported pregnancy, after initial wish to avoid pregnancy was defined as UP, assessment was performed weekly UPs in depressive symptoms group versus control group: OR 12 months =1.2 (CI 0.71.9) Heil et al., 201142 US 946 pregnant opioid using women aged 18-41 Randomized controlled trial, cross-sectional analysis of data on pregnancy intention Participants had opioid-abusing disorder according to 1) the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (First, 1996) or 2) a history of opioid dependence and be at risk for relapse based on their participation in a drug use programs and opioid-positive urine sample before inclusion Pregnancy intention was assessed by a single question at 6-30 weeks of pregnancy, based on The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)62 A total of 817 women out of 946 (86%) report UPs; namely the pregnancy was unwanted (n=252, 27%), mistimed (n=323, 34%) or ambivalent (n=242, 26%). Micali et al., 201433 Netherlands 170 pregnant women with lifetime AN, 265 with lifetime BN and 130 with lifetime AN+BN were included, in addition to 1396 pregnant women with other psychiatric disorders and 4367 pregnant women without any psychiatric disorder. Mean age was 29.8-30.2 years, corresponding SD 5.4-5.3) Prospective cohort study, crosssectional analysis of data on pregnancy intention Diagnosis of any psychiatric disorder was assessed by selfreport through a questionnaire at 20 weeks’ gestational age Upon enrolment (during pregnancy) participants were asked about pregnancy intention by a single question UPs in AN versus control group: OR 1.8 (CI 1.22.6, P≤0.01) UPs in BN versus control group: 1.2 (0.9-1.7, Pvalue not reported). UPs in AN+BN versus control group: OR 1.5 (CI 1.02.4 P≤0.01) UPs in other psychiatric disorders versus control group: OR 1.4 (CI 1.21.7, P≤0.001)
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