45 Table 2.1 continued Study Characteristics Study Results Study CKD-pop(N) Country Design Measure (% LHL) Q Mechanism(s) Association of health literacy with mediator within this mechanism(s) or other result related to mechanism Association of health literacy or mediator with health outcome? Tuot et al., 2016(56) 1-5 (264) USA Crosssectional Brief HLS1 (46.6%) - Self-care management P-P interaction Yes: Providers’ word choice important to create awareness about CKD. No: LHL with CKD awareness. No results reported on health outcomes. Lambert et al., 2015(68) 4-5 (153) Australia Crosssectional HeLMS1,2,3 (n.a.) - Self-care management Utilization of care P-P interaction Other: Multifaceted HL screener indicates: incorporation of lifestyle is the greatest HL challenge. Filling in forms and accessing health care is a frequent HL problem. Communication with providers is a greater HL challenge for peritoneal dialysis patients compared to other CKD patients. No results reported on health outcomes. Dageforde et al., 2015(37) 5 (104) USA Crosssectional Brief HLS1 (23.1%) - Utilization of care P-P interaction Yes: LHL with not knowing the next step in the transplantation process. Attending consultations improves transplant knowledge and give more concerns about finding a donor. No: LHL with first-time center visits. No results reported on health outcomes. Studies with results on self-care management (n=9) Schrauben et al., 2019(34) 1-3 (5499) USA Cohortstudy sTOFHLA1 -13% + Self-care management Yes: LHL with less healthy behavior patterns (smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity e.a.) in ≥65 subgroup. Yes: Less healthy patterns associated with increased risk of dead, CKD progression and cardiovascular risks. Wong et al. 2018(53) 1-4 (137) USA Crosssectional HL-Q1,2,3 (26%) + Self-care management Yes: LHL with decreased fast food intake No: LHL with medication adherence and physical activity. No results reported on health outcomes. Devraj et al., 2015(7) 1-4 (150) USA Crosssectional NVS1 (63%) + Self-care management Yes: LHL with decreased self-management knowledge and decreased controlling for blood pressure. No: LHL with other self-management knowledge, such as taking medication, sugar and salt intake, having lab checks. Yes: LHL with lower eGFR. Eneanya et al., 2018(50) 4-5 (149) USA Crosssectional REALM1 (34%) - Self-care management Yes: LHL with reduced knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. LHL mediates racial disparities for CPR knowledge. No results reported on health outcomes. Jones et al., 2016(46) 4-5(D) (41) Canada Crosssectional sTOFHLA1 (5%) - Self-care management Yes: LHL with lower transplant and medication knowledge, lower adherence confidence, higher beliefs in medication importance and concerns regarding side effects. No results reported on health outcomes. Umeukeje et al., 2015(59) 5(D) (100) USA Crosssectional sTOFHLA1 (50%) - Self-care management No: LHL with self-motivation of dialysis patients to adhere to phosphate treatment. Yes: Lower self-motivation and medication adherence with lower serum phosphorus levels
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