| 111 5 the similarities or differences of the hypothetical couple to themselves and others. Photo elicitation techniques have proven useful to reveal motivations, emotions, and conflicts (25). In this study, we also used them to avoid some of the issues associated with direct questioning of people with dementia. Known limitations of researcher-driven photo elicitation methods (37) were overcome as follows: • Interpretation bias: clear instructions provided context for the images and consistent use of follow-up questions to promote understanding of the intended meaning. • Social desirability bias: researchers reassured participants that there are no right or wrong answers and that their honest opinions were valued. • Validity and reliability: use of a standardized protocol for selecting and presenting multiple images to participants, ensured data was consistent across participants and settings. Resources Researcher resources included: an audio recorder, a discussion guide, a brief questionnaire, and a template to support researcher reflections. Participant resources included: a research information sheet, participant handouts, paper and pens, and, for online interviews, an explanation sheet for using ZOOM. The participant handout could be used as a visual aid or for notes if desired. The ability to write was not required to take part. The researcher discussion guide and participant handouts are provided in Appendix A and B. Skills/training All interviewers had experience and skills in interviewing and/or focus group moderation and experience debriefing participants with dementia from research and/or clinical contexts. Researcher training included pre-reading, an explanation of the projective and enabling techniques, and attending a focus group discussion that utilized the researcher guide and participant handout. All researchers attended training (facilitated by LP, LFL and MG).
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