Annette Westgeest

54 Chapter 3 References 1. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2022;399:629e55. 2. Baud O, Giron S, Aumeran C, Mouly D, Bardon G, Besson M, et al. First outbreak of community-acquired MRSA USA300 in France: failure to suppress prolonged MRSA carriage despite decontamination procedures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014;33:1757e62. 3. von Eiff C, Becker K, Machka K, Stammer H, Peters G. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001;344: 11e6. 4. Ellis MW, Hospenthal DR, Dooley DP, Gray PJ, Murray CK. Natural history of communityacquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in soldiers. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:971e9. 5. Quezada Joaquin NM, Diekema DJ, Perencevich EN, Bailey G, Winokur PL, Schweizer ML. Long-term risk for readmission, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, and death among MRSA-colonized veterans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:1169e72. 6. Safdar N, Bradley EA. The risk of infection after nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Med 2008;121:310e5. 7. Davis KA, Stewart JJ, Crouch HK, Florez CE, Hospenthal DR. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nares colonization at hospital admission and its effect on subsequent MRSA infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:776e82. 8. Marzec NS, Bessesen MT. Risk and outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia among patients admitted with and without MRSA nares colonization. Am J Infect Control 2016;44:405e8. 9. Karanika S, Kinamon T, Grigoras C, Mylonakis E. Colonization with methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and risk for infection among asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63: 195e204. 10. Perl TM, Cullen JJ, Wenzel RP, Zimmerman MB, Pfaller MA, Sheppard D, et al. Intranasal mupirocin to prevent postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1871e7. 11. van Rijen M, Bonten M, Wenzel R, Kluytmans J. Mupirocin ointment for preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections in nasal carriers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;2008:Cd006216. 12. Bode LG, Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF, Bogaers D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Roosendaal R, et al. Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 2010;362:9e17. 13. Huang SS, Singh R, McKinnell JA, Park S, Gombosev A, Eells SJ, et al. Decolonization to reduce postdischarge infection risk among MRSA carriers. N Engl J Med 2019;380:638e50. 14. Bode LG, van Rijen MM, Wertheim HF, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Troelstra A, Voss A, et al. Long-term mortality after rapid screening and decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus carriers: observational follow-up study of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Surg 2016;263:511e5. 15. Nelson RE, Samore MH, Smith KJ, Harbarth S, Rubin MA. Cost-effectiveness of adding decolonization to a surveillance strategy of screening and isolation for methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16:1740e6.

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