161 Persistent MRSA bacteremia 8 Table 1. Clinical risk factors for persistent SAB. Study Year MSSA or MRSA Definition of Persistence Clinical Risk Factors Identified Khatib et al. [28] 2006 MSSA and MRSA 3 days • Intravascular catheter (RR, 1.27; 95% CI 1.03–1.54) • Cardiovascular prosthesis (RR, 1.24; 95% CI 0.97–1.59) • Metastatic infection (RR, 1.16; 95% CI 1.05– 1.28) Hawkins et al. [27] 2007 MSSA and MRSA 7 days • Chronic renal failure (OR, 2.08; 95% CI 1.09– 3.96) • >2 sites of infection (OR, 3.31; 95% CI 1.17– 9.38) • Infective endocarditis (OR, 10.3; 95% CI 2.98–35.64) • Presence of intravascular catheter or foreign device (OR, 2.37; 95% CI 1.11–3.96) Khatib et al. [25] 2009 MSSA and MRSA 7 days • Metastatic infection (OR, 5.6; 95% CI 3.00– 10.47) • Vancomycin treatment (OR, 4.17; 95% CI 2.14–8.11) • Endovascular source (OR. 3.35; 95% CI 1.92– 5.85) • Diabetes (OR, 2.14; 95% CI 1.26–3.64) Ganga et al. [30] 2009 MRSA and MSSA 7 days • Metastatic infection (OR, 11.35; 95% CI 4.24–31.43 • Diabetes (OR, 3.64; 95% CI 1.45–9.155) • Prosthetic device (OR, 3.22; 1.30–8.00) Yoon et al. [26] 2010 MRSA 7 days • Retention of infected medical device (OR, 10.35; 95% CI 1.03–104.55) • Infection of at least two metastatic sites (OR, 10.24; 95% CI 1.72–61.01) Chong et al. [24] 2013 MSSA and MRSA 7 days • Community-onset bacteremia (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.24–6.87) • Bone and joint infection (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 1.45–19.03) • Central-venous-catheter-related infection (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.47–7.65) • Metastatic infection (OR, 36.22; 95% CI, 12.71–103.23) • Delay in removal of eradicable foci >3 days (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.05–4.55) Abbreviations: MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
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