146 Chapter 7 instability was defined as a mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg or systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or need of inotropic or vasopressor agents [8]. Chronic kidney disease was defined as an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Uncomplicated SAB was defined as an episode of bacteremia with ≥ 1 blood culture with Staphylococcus aureus, without evidence of endocarditis/ metastatic infection, and without positive cultures after 48 h of adequate therapy and that was treated for a maximum of 2 weeks, and no relapse occurred, and the patient survived > 72 h after presentation. All situations that did not meet the criteria for uncomplicated SAB were considered complicated SAB. Infective endocarditis was defined by the modified Duke’s criteria [9]. Metastatic infection was defined as a clinical and/or radiographical examination and/ or culture concordant with vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, deep tissue abscess (e.g., psoas) septic pulmonary or cerebral emboli, arthritis, or meningitis. Statistical analysis Data were presented as percentages or proportions for categorical variables and as medians plus interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables. The overall development of AKI and the recovery of AKI were presented as a rate, with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and were stratified for complicated and uncomplicated SAB. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess time to development and time to recovery of AKI. Recovery of AKI in patients still alive at day 30 was presented as a rate. Univariate analysis was performed by calculating odds ratio’s (with 95%CI) and using Fisher’s exact tests to identify clinical factors associated with AKI. To assess the correlation of different variables and outcome, a multivariable regression analysis was performed including the variables with p < 0.20 from univariate analysis. Subgroup analyses of prevalence of AKI and reversibility were also performed on patients with hemodynamic instability at presentation and patients with preexistent chronic kidney disease. Ethical approval Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethical review committee of the Leiden University Medical Center. Results In total, 339 patients with SAB were reviewed. Because of prior chronic (long-term) hemodialysis or development of AKI prior to SAB, respectively 14 and 10 patients were excluded, leaving 315 patients eligible for inclusion in this study. The patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. In 181/315 (58%) of patients, the SAB
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