Contents v 5.4 Discussion ................................. 72 5.4.1 Validationexperiments ....................... 73 5.4.2 End-to-endoptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.4.3 General limitations and future directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.5 Conclusion................................. 79 6 Gaze-contingent processing improves mobility performance 91 6.1 Introduction ................................ 92 6.2 MaterialsandMethods........................... 94 6.2.1 Participants............................. 94 6.2.2 Materials............................... 95 6.2.3 PhospheneSimulation........................ 95 6.2.4 Experimentalconditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 6.2.5 Experiment 1: Obstacle Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 6.2.6 Experiment2............................. 98 6.2.7 StudyOutcomes...........................100 6.2.8 DataAnalysis ............................100 6.3 Results ...................................102 6.3.1 Primaryoutcomes..........................102 6.3.2 Secondaryoutcomes.........................103 6.4 Discussion .................................105 6.4.1 Benefits of gaze contingency with eye tracking. . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.4.2 Superior performance in gaze-ignored simulation . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.4.3 Implications of neglecting gaze in simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.4.4 Learningeffects...........................107 6.4.5 Strategies ..............................107 6.4.6 Limitations and future directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.5 Conclusion.................................108 7 Summary 111 8 General discussion 115 8.1 Naturalistic prototyping of hardware & software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 8.2 Automated optimization with virtual implant users. . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 8.3 The biology of visual neurostimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 8.4 Furtherconsiderations...........................119 8.4.1 Societal and ethical implications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 8.5 Limitations and future directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 8.6 Conclusion.................................121 Bibliography 125 Code and Data 151 Acknowledgements 155 Nederlandse Samenvatting 159
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