24 Chapter 2 comprehensively evaluate interventions’ training content. [6, 20, 21] These key elements involve four steps in SDM consultations: (1) setting the stage, (2) explaining options, (3) discussing preferences and (4) making a decision. This study contributes to the existing literature by going beyond traditional outcome measures and aiming to differentiate between interventions that are likely to effectively transfer SDM knowledge and skills to medical residents. We sought to answer the following research question: To what extent do current SDM skills training interventions for medical residents involve effective teaching characteristics or strategies, as proposed in our evaluation framework? Additionally, we explored the relationship between our evaluation framework and study quality, as well as whether studies incorporating criteria from our framework demonstrate greater success in improving SDM. Method We performed a systematic review and reported our results following the PRISMA statement. [22] Study eligibility To be eligible for inclusion in this study, the selected studies had to meet specific criteria. They needed to report on an educational intervention that focused on teaching medical residents’ particular elements of shared decision-making (SDM). If the educational interventions were targeted at a broader audience (such as other healthcare professionals), they were included only if medical residents were explicitly part of the study population. For this study, medical residents were defined as physicians who had completed medical school and were actively engaged in medical specialty training. Only studies that reported on training effects were considered for inclusion in our analysis. Both observational and randomized designs were included in the review. To ensure a specific focus on SDM-related skills improvement, articles that did not explicitly state their intention to enhance SDM-related skills were excluded. Moreover, we limited our analysis to studies published in the English language. No other exclusion criteria were applied during the selection process. Search strategy and study selection First, PubMed databases were searched. The search was built with the help of an experienced librarian. The following search criteria were used: Medical residents AND Educational intervention AND Shared decision-making. To ensure comprehensive coverage, a combination of various terms and keywords was employed. Articles were searched up to December 31, 2021. An updated search was performed on December 13, 2022, to capture any additional relevant articles. Coarse searches in Embase and ERIC databases found no additional eligible studies. The complete search query is provided in Appendix A.
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