Chapter 8 248 Total PASC status No PASC PASC p-value N=316 N=130 N=186 Follow-up time from enrolment in study 369.5 (238.5-496.0) 363.0 (287.0-482.0) 375.5 (216.0-502.0) 0.65 Admitted to hospital for COVID-19 153 (48%) 36 (28%) 117 (63%) <0.001 Days from illness onset to hospitalisation 9 (7-14) 10 (7-13) 9 (7-14) 0.98 Admitted to ICU for COVID-19 42 (13%) 9 (7%) 33 (18%) 0.005 Days from illness onset to ICU admission 10 (8-12) 10 (9-12) 10 (7-12) 0.86 Vaccinated during follow-up 217 (69%) 97 (75%) 120 (65%) 0.076 Vaccine type 0.67 Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA 197 (62%) 86 (66%) 111 (60%) Moderna mRNA 9 (3%) 5 (4%) 4 (2%) AstraZeneca 8 (3%) 5 (4%) 3 (2%) Janssen (Johnson & J ohnson) 2 (1%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%) Unvaccinated 99 (32%) 33 (25%) 66 (35%) Missing 1 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) Time from illness onset to first vaccination, days 247 (144-364) 194 (130-301) 271 (158-387) NA Lost to follow-up 55 23 32 NA BMI=Body mass index; HIC= high-income country; HR=heart rate; LMIC= low- or middle income country; ICU= Intensive Care Unit; NA = Not applicable; OECD= Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; PASC= Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19; PHSA= Public Health Service of Amsterdam; RR=respiratory rate; SpO2 = oxygen saturation; UMC= University Medical Centres. Continuous variables presented as median (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test; categorical and binary variables presented as n (%) and compared using the Pearson χ2 test (or Fisher exact test if n<5). Clinical severity groups defined as: mild as having a RR <20/min and SpO2 on room air >94% at both D0 and D7 study visits; moderate disease as having a RR 20-30/min, SpO2 90-94% and/or receiving oxygen therapy at D0 or D7; severe disease as having a RR> 30/min or SpO2 <90% at D0 or D7; critical disease as requiring ICU admission. BMI categories defined as: <25 kg/m2 normal or underweight; 25-29 kg/m2 overweight; ≥30 kg/m2 obese. Migration background was defined as Dutch and nonDutch based on the country of birth of the participant and their parents; those of non-Dutch background were further classified as originating from a high-income (HIC) or low-/middle-income country (LMIC), according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). High-risk COVID-19 comorbidities are defined as listed by the WHO Clinical Management Guidelines and include: cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), chronic pulmonary disease (excluding asthma), renal disease, liver disease, cancer, immunosuppression (excluding HIV, including previous organ transplantation), previous psychiatric illness and dementia.
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