Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands 6 187 Association between trajectories and illness perception over time In univariable analysis, trajectories with a higher number of long COVID symptoms had significantly higher B-IPQ scores (i.e., more negative illness perceptions) across all subdomains except ‘personal control’ at month 1 and except ‘treatment control’ at months 1, 6 and 12 (Supplementary Table S7). In multivariable analyses, belonging to a symptom trajectory with a greater number of symptoms remained associated with higher total B-IPQ scores over time when adjusting for age, sex, initial COVID-19 severity and timing of infection in a linear mixed-effects model (Supplementary Table S8). Participants belonging to Trajectory 4 (i.e., highest number of symptoms), Trajectory 3 and Trajectory 2 reported a total mean 19.2, 17.7 and 6.7 points higher B-IPQ scores over time, respectively, than participants in Trajectory 1, when adjusting for other covariates. Participants demonstrated an average decrease (improvement) in the total B-IPQ score over time (p=0.001). Participants infected during subsequent waves had lower B-IPQ scores compared to those infected during the first wave when adjusting for other variables (p<0.001). Figure 3. Multivariable linear mixed-effects model of total brief illness perception (B-IPQ) score at M1, M6 and M12 after illness onset, by two-year group-based trajectory group Trajectory group membership was based on the maximum a posteriori probability of belonging to that group. Higher B-IPQ score denotes more negative illness perception; lower B-IPQ score indicates more benign illness perception. Mean B-IPQ scores were adjusted for age (years), sex, initial COVID-19 severity, and timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection (first wave versus subsequent waves)
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