Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands 6 181 Initial COVID-19 severity Total Mild Moderate Severe/ critical p- value N=292 N=86 N=127 N=79 Long COVID status at 12 weeks after illness onset <0.001 No (recovered within 12 weeks) 115 (39%) 54 (63%) 43 (34%) 18 (23%) Yes (did not recover within 12 weeks) 177 (61%) 32 (37%) 84 (66%) 61 (77%) Study characteristics Place of recruitment <0.001 Non-hospital 143 (49%) 75 (87%) 65 (51%) 3 (4%) Hospital 149 (51%) 11 (13%) 62 (49%) 76 (96%) Type of inclusion <0.001 Prospective 209 (72%) 73 (85%) 99 (78%) 37 (47%) Retrospective 83 (28%) 13 (15%) 28 (22%) 42 (53%) Days from illness onset to inclusion in study 12 (6-51) 7 (4-12) 12 (6-32) 42 (14-89) <0.001 Lost to follow-up 109 26 40 43 NA Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HR, heart rate; ICU, intensive care unit; LTFU, lost to follow-up; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; NA, not applicable; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SpO2, oxygen saturation on room air; RR, respiratory rate; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Continuous variables presented as median (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test; categorical and binary variables presented as n(%) and compared using the Pearson χ 2 test (or Fisher exact test if n <5). Clinical severity groups defined as: mild as having an RR <20/min and SpO2 on room air >94% at both D0 and D7; moderate disease as having a RR 20–30/minutes, SpO2 90–94% and/or receiving oxygen therapy at D0 or D7; severe disease as having a RR >30/minutes or SpO2 <90% at D0 or D7; critical disease as requiring ICU admission. Normal BMI group includes 3 individuals with BMI between 17.0 and 18.5 kg/m2. COVID-related comorbidities are based on WHO Clinical Management Guidelines and include: cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), chronic pulmonary disease (excluding asthma), renal disease, liver disease, cancer, immunosuppression (excluding HIV, including previous organ transplantation), previous psychiatric illness and dementia. Physical measurements at D0 and D7 study visits. Oxygen saturation measured on room air if possible or retrieved from ambulance records for hospitalised participants admitted on oxygen on day of enrollment. Time-dependent outcomes not compared between groups due to bias resulting from differing follow-up lengths.
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