Chapter 5 148 NA= Not applicable. n.s. = not statistically significant. † Sequential addition of groups of covariates, as described below: Model 1: Socio-demographic and medical characteristics at illness onset. Model 2: Socio-demographic and medical characteristics at illness onset + Clinical severity. Model 3: Socio-demographic and medical characteristics at illness onset + Clinical severity + Clinical features of COVID-19 * COVID-related comorbidities are based on WHO Clinical Management Guidelines [16] and include: cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), chronic pulmonary disease (excluding asthma), renal disease, liver disease, cancer, immunosuppression (excluding HIV, including previous organ transplantation), previous psychiatric illness and dementia. ** Migration background was based on country of birth of participant and that of their parents and included first and second generation migrants. *** Clinical severity groups defined as: mild as having a RR<20/min and SpO2 on room air >94% at both day 0 and 7; moderate disease as having a RR 20-30/min, SpO2 90-94% and/or receiving oxygen therapy at day 0 or 7; severe disease as having a RR>30/min or SpO2 < 90% at day 0 or 7; critical disease as requiring ICU admission. ****Highest baseline sadness score defined as the highest reported level of sadness at D0 or D7, subjectively reported on a scale from 0 to 10. ¶Acute presence of a symptom defined as reporting it during the first two weeks after overall illness onset. Risk factors for persistent severe fatigue at six months after illness onset Six months after illness onset, 28.4% [95%CI 22.4-35.0] of participants were severely fatigued (Figure 1). In the logistic regression Model 1, the odds of having persistent severe fatigue was higher in those with ≥3 comorbidities compared to no comorbidities (aOR 4.38 [95%CI 1.40-13.74]) (Figure 2). In Model 2, those with severe/critical COVID-19 had higher odds of developing persistent severe fatigue than those with mild disease (aOR 3.51 [95%CI 1.37-8.96]). In Model 3, high level of baseline sadness (aOR 2.43 [95%CI 1.11-5.29]) and severe/critical COVID-19 (aOR 3.37 [95%CI 1.28-8.93]) were independently associated with persistent severe fatigue.
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