Severe fatigue in the first year following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study 5 147 Table 2. Determinants of higher fatigue severity over time (linear mixed-effects models)† Determinant (selected a priori) Multivariable Model 1† Multivariable Model 2† Multivariable Model 3† aβ coef. (95% CI) p-value aβ coef. (95% CI) p-value aβ coef. (95% CI) p-value Time since illness onset, months -0.35 (-0.45- -0.25) <0.001 -0.35 (0.44- -0.25) <0.001 -0.33 (-0.42- -0.23) <0.001 Socio-demographic and medical characteristics at illness onset Age per 10 year increase, years -0.12 (-0.66-0.43) 0.590 -0.03 (-0.88-0.02) 0.173 -0.03 (-0.08-0.02) 0.174 Sex 0.025 0.004 0.057 Male Ref. Ref. Ref. Female 1.90 (0.40-3.40) 2.21 (0.78-3.64) 1.48 (0.07-2.90) BMI group 0.021 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Normal weight Ref. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Overweight 2.09 (0.37-3.81) n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Obese 2.26 (0.31-4.20) n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Number of high-risk COVID-19 comorbidities at illness onset* 0.002 0.003 0.007 0 Ref. Ref. Ref. 1 1.41 (-0.53-3.35) 1.53 (-0.32-3.38) 0.59 (-1.24-2.41) 2 1.14 (-1.26-3.55) 1.16 (-1.16-3.49) 0.95 (-1.35-3.25) 3+ 4.91 (2.02-7.79) 4.93 (2.12-7.75) 4.41 (1.64-7.18) Migration background** 0.008 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Dutch Ref. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Non-Dutch, OECD high-income 1.81 (-0.44-4.06) n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Non-Dutch, OECD LMIC 2.03 (0.29-3.76) n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Clinical severity COVID-19 Clinical severity*** NA NA <0.001 0.002 Mild NA NA Ref. Ref. Moderate NA NA 3.37 (1.72-5.03) 2.13 (0.48-3.79) Severe/critical NA NA 4.39 (2.35-6.42) 3.17 (1.11-5.22) Clinical features of COVID-19 Highest baseline sadness score**** NA NA NA NA <0.001 0-1 NA NA NA NA Ref. 2-5 NA NA NA NA 1.00 (-0.65-2.65) 6-10 NA NA NA NA 3.15 (1.40-4.90) Presence of acute dyspnoea¶ NA NA NA NA 0.001 No NA NA NA NA Ref. Yes NA NA NA NA 2.47 (1.01-3.93)
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