Severe fatigue in the first year following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study 5 143 Total Mild COVID-19 Moderate COVID-19 Severe/critical COVID-19 p- value N=303 N=88 N=136 N=79 Highest baseline anxiety score ¥ <0.001 0-1 131 (43%) 48 (55%) 43 (32%) 40 (51%) 2-5 86 (28%) 28 (32%) 47 (35%) 11 (14%) 6-10 80 (26%) 12 (14%) 42 (31%) 26 (33%) Missing 6 (2%) 0 (0%) 4 (3%) 2 (3%) Acute presence of symptom ‡ Fatigue 243 (80%) 71 (81%) 108 (79%) 64 (81%) 0.95 Myalgia 156 (51%) 49 (56%) 76 (56%) 31 (39%) 0.040 Cough 186 (61%) 52 (59%) 83 (61%) 51 (65%) 0.76 Fever 175 (58%) 46 (52%) 79 (58%) 50 (63%) 0.35 Dyspnoea 173 (57%) 34 (39%) 83 (61%) 56 (71%) <0.001 Headache 157 (52%) 53 (60%) 79 (58%) 25 (32%) <0.001 Vaccinated at enrolment 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) NA Vaccinated during follow-up 217 (72%) 68 (78%) 93 (68%) 56 (72%) 0.28 Time from illness onset to first vaccination, days 246 (144-361) 197 (130-302) 247 (164-314) 372 (139-393) 0.007 Died during follow-up 0 0 0 0 NA Study characteristics Place of recruitment <0.001 Non-hospital (public health service) 150 (50%) 77 (88%) 69 (51%) 4 (5%) Hospital 153 (50%) 11 (13%) 67 (49%) 75 (95%) Type of inclusion <0.001 Prospective 218 (72%) 76 (86%) 105 (77%) 37 (47%) Retrospective 85 (28%) 12 (14%) 31 (23%) 42 (53%) Days from illness onset to inclusion in study 12 (6-51) 6 (4-12) 12 (7-33) 40 (14-89) <0.001 Prospective inclusions only 9 (5-14) 6 (4-9) 9 (6-16) 14 (10-18) <0.001 Retrospective inclusions only 85 (73-94) 92 (66-94) 84 (74-92) 88 (73-97) 0.56 Follow-up time from enrolment in study 292.0 (194.0405.0) 292.0 (209.0402.0) 284.5 (190.5403.0) 319.0 (136.0410.0) 0.85 LTFU¶ 40 13 19 7 NA NA = Not applicable; BMI=Body mass index; OECD= Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; HIC= high-income country; LMIC= low- or middle income country; ICU= Intensive Care Unit; HR=heart rate; RR=respiratory rate; SpO2 = oxygen saturation; LTFU= Loss to follow-up. Continuous variables presented as median (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test; categorical and binary variables presented as n (%) and compared using the Pearson χ2 test (or Fisher exact test if n<5).
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