Chapter 4 104 Total Mild Moderate Severe Critical p-value N=342 N=99 N=145 N=56 N=42 Number of COVID-19 high-risk comorbidities ** <0.001 None 186 (54%) 71 (72%) 87 (60%) 12 (21%) 16 (38%) 1 80 (23%) 19 (19%) 32 (22%) 17 (30%) 12 (29%) 2 47 (14%) 6 (6%) 18 (12%) 17 (30%) 6 (14%) 3 or more 29 (8%) 3 (3%) 8 (6%) 10 (18%) 8 (19%) Cardiovascular disease 92 (27%) 13 (14%) 34 (23%) 31 (56%) 14 (33%) <0.001 Diabetes mellitus 45 (13%) 5 (5%) 11 (8%) 17 (31%) 12 (29%) <0.001 Chronic respiratory disease 25 (7%) 1 (1%) 8 (6%) 13 (24%) 3 (7%) <0.001 Cancer 17 (5%) 6 (6%) 6 (4%) 3 (6%) 2 (5%) 0.89 Immunosuppression 20 (6%) 1 (1%) 8 (6%) 5 (9%) 6 (14%) 0.62 Psychiatric illness 18 (5%) 5 (5%) 9 (6%) 3 (6%) 1 (2%) 0.90 Other comorbidities ** 76 (24%) 14 (16%) 39 (28%) 13 (25%) 10 (25%) 0.21 COVID-19 clinical characteristics Symptom status at baseline 0.15 Symptomatic 338 (99%) 96 (97%) 145 (100%) 55 (98%) 42 (100%) Asymptomatic 4 (1%) 4 (4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) COVID-19 hospital admission 172 (50%) 6 (6%) 72 (50%) 52 (93%) 42 (100%) <0.001 COVID-19 ICU admission 42 (12%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 42 (100%) Days from illness onset to: SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis 5 (2-10) 3 (1-8) 5 (2-10) 7 (2-13) 7 (3-10) 0.060 Hospitalisation 10 (7-14) - 9 (8-17) 11 (8-15) 8 (6-11) - ICU admission 10 (7-12) - - - 10 (7-12) - Treatment received: Dexamethasone 60 (23%) 0 (0%) 24 (23%) 27 (64%) 9 (31%) <0.001 Remdesivir 3 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (5%) 1 (3%) 0.032 Oxygen therapy 153 (46%) 0 (0%) 61 (43%) 52 (93%) 40 (98%) <0.001
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