Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate on arterial stiffness 129 6 citrate vs placebo and of magnesium sulfate vs placebo was significantly modified by baseline c-fPWV. In younger participants receiving magnesium oxide supplements, c-fPWV was significantly increased by treatment (1.1 m/s; 95% CI: 0.2; 1.6 m/s), while in older participants c-fPWV tended to decrease in all magnesium groups, although effects were not significantly different from placebo. In participants with a BMI of ≥28 kg/m2, c-fPWV was reduced by magnesium supplementation, with the strongest effect observed in the magnesium oxide group, albeit without reaching statistical significance compared to placebo treatment. In participants with dyslipidemia, there was a significant increase in c-fPWV in response to magnesium citrate supplementation (1.6 m/s; 95% CI: 0.2; 3.0 m/s). Table 7. Effects of magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate (vs magnesium citrate) on magnesium parameters. Magnesium oxide (n =46) Magnesium sulfate (n =46) Magnesium citrate (n =46) Plasma magnesium 2-wk Mean, mmol/L 0.86 ± 0.05 0.86 ± 0.08 0.88 ± 0.06 Difference vs magnesium citrate -0.00 (-0.02; 0.01) -0.01 (-0.03; 0.00) .. 12-wk Mean, mmol/L 0.86 ± 0.04 0.86 ± 0.10 0.87 ± 0.05 Difference vs magnesium citrate 0.01 (-0.01; 0.03) -0.00 (-0.02; 0.01) .. 24-wk Mean, mmol/L 0.86 ± 0.05 0.85 ± 0.08 0.88 ± 0.06 Difference vs magnesium citrate -0.01 (-0.02; 0.01) -0.02 (-0.04; -0.00) .. Urinary magnesium 2-wk Mean, mmol/24-h 7.06 ± 1.86 6.80 ± 2.12 7.24 ± 2.11 Difference vs magnesium citrate -0.35 (-1.00; 0.29) -0.47 (-1.10; 0.17) .. 12-wk Mean, mmol/24-h 7.03 ± 2.01 6.61 ± 2.35 7.60 ± 1.91 Difference vs magnesium citrate -0.56 (-1.21; 0.08) -0.96 (-1.61; -0.32)* .. 24-wk Mean, mmol/24-h 7.07 ± 1.88 6.62 ± 2.23 7.79 ± 1.92 Difference vs magnesium citrate -0.74 (-1.39; -0.10) -1.05 (-1.69; -0.41)** .. Values are mean ± SD. Adjusted mean differences (90% CIs) were obtained from linear mixed-effect models with age, sex, baseline value of the outcome of interest, time, intervention, and the interaction time × intervention as fixed effects. * P < 0.05, ** P<0.01 (one-sided P values).
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