144 Chapter 8 Clinical outcomes Fewer infants received laser coagulation for ROP in the OxyGenie cohort (table 3; 1 vs 10; Relative risk ratio (RR) 0.1, 95%-CI 0.0 to 0.7; p = 0.008), no infants were treated with anti-VEGF injections. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality (RR 2.3, 95%-CI 0.6 to 9.0), culture proven sepsis, BPD (RR 1.0 95%-CI 0.7 to 1.3), NEC (>stage 2A, RR 1.1 95%-CI 0.5 to 2.6), IVH (≥ stage 2, RR 1.5 95%- CI 0.8 – 2.7) and PVL (≥ stage 2, RR 0.3 95%-CI 0.0 – 2.2). Infants had a significantly shorter duration of stay in the NICU in the OxyGenie cohort (28 [15-42] vs. 40 [2561] days; median difference 13.5 days (95%-CI 8.5 – 19.5); p < 0.001). Table 3. Clinical outcomes OxyGenie CLiO2 p value* Died, n (%) 7 (5.8) 3 (2.5) RR 2.3 (0.6 – 9.0) 0.34 Culture proven sepsis, n (%) 45 (37.2) 56 (46.3) RR 1.2 (0.9 – 1.7) 0.18 Necrotising enterocolitis (> stage 2A), n (%) 9 (7.4) 8 (6.6) RR 1.1 (0.5 – 2.6) 1.00 Retinopathy of prematurity ETROP 1, n (%) 5 (4.5) 13 (11.2) RR 0.4 (0.2 – 1.1) 0.09 ETROP 2, n (%) 4 (3.6) 1 (0.9) RR 4.0 (0.4 – 35.8) Received laser coagulation, n (%) 1 (0.9) 10 (8.6) RR 0.1 (0.0 – 0.7) 0.008 Intraventricular haemorrhage (≥ stage 2), n (%) 27 (22.5) 18 (14.9) RR 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 0.21 Periventricular leukomalacia (≥ stage 2), n (%) 1 (0.8) 4 (3.3) RR 0.3 (0.0 – 2.2) 0.38 Days in NICU, median [IQR] 28 [15 – 42] 40 [25 – 61] MD 13.5 (8.5 – 19.5) <0.001 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 52 (46.0) 58 (48.7) RR 1.0 (0.7 – 1.3) 0.89 moderate/severe, n (%) 18 (34.6) 31 (53.4) RR 0.7 (0.4 – 1.1) 0.18 mild, n (%) 34 (65.4) 27 (46.6) RR 1.3 (0.8 – 1.9) RR, relative risk; MD, median difference; ETROP, early treatment of retinopathy of prematurity; Necrotising enterocolitis according to modified Bell staging criteria; Intraventricular haemorrhage according to Papile’s classification; Days on NICU until transfer to peripheral hospital or discharge; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia classification according to Dutch paediatric guidelines. *Statistical analysis with related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank, Bhapkar test or related-samples McNemar test as appropriate.
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